Biaryltriazole inhibitors of macrophage migration inhibitory factor

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure describes biaryl triazole compounds, as well as their compositions and methods of use. The compounds inhibit the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and are useful for the treatment of diseases, e.g., inflammatory diseases and cancer.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/115,793, filed Feb. 13, 2015, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

RESEARCH SUPPORT

This invention was made with government support under GM32136 awarded by National Institute of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application is concerned with pharmaceutically useful compounds. The disclosure provides new compounds as well as their compositions and methods of use. The compounds inhibit the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and are therefore useful in the treatment of diseases related to the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory including, e.g., inflammatory diseases and cancer.

BACKGROUND

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that plays a central role in numerous inflammatory diseases (Morand et al., Nature Rev. Drug. Disc. 2006, 5, 399-410; Greven et al., Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 2010, 14, 253-264; Asare et al., Thromb. Haemost. 2013, 109, 391-398). MIF is widely expressed in both immune and non-immune cells including macrophages, endothelial cells, and T-cells. Upon activation the cells release MIF, which promotes the release of other inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1. Excessive or chronic inflammatory response is associated with tissue damage and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and lupus erythematosus. The connection between inflammatory disease and cancer is also well-established, and MIF has been shown to enhance cell proliferation by inhibiting accumulation of the tumor suppressor p53 and by promotion of angiogenesis (Conroy et al., Q. J. Med. 2010, 103, 831-836). MIF is over-expressed in many cancer cells and can serve as a marker for disease progression. Furthermore, MIF in cancer cells is protected from degradation by Hsp90, which has led to proposed targeting of Hsp90 as an indirect way of inhibiting MIF function (Schulz et al., Curr. Opin. Oncol., 2014, 26, 108-113). Disruption of the inflammatory cascade and restoration of normal p53 levels have clear implications for the potential therapeutic value of inhibitors of MIF signaling. Indeed, immunoneutralization of MIF or deletion of the MIF gene is known to suppress inflammatory response, tumor growth, and angiogenesis. At the molecular level, what is needed is interference with the interaction between MIF and its cell-surface receptor CD74.

MIF is a toroid-shaped, trimeric protein with a total of 342 amino acid residues. Besides its role as a cytokine, MIF is a keto-enol tautomerase. Though the enzymatic activity appears to be vestigial in humans, there are three tautomerase active sites at the interfaces of the monomer units opening to the outside of the toroid. The presence of the tautomerase sites presents an opportunity for complexation of a tautomerase inhibitor that may also interfere with MIF/CD74 binding. This notion has been supported by many studies that show correlation between the inhibition of the enzymatic and biological activities of MIF (Senter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2002, 99, 144-149). For example, this has been demonstrated through assay results for tautomerase activity, MIF/CD74 binding, and MIF-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in inflamed cells, production of interleukins, glucocorticoid overriding ability, and macrophage chemotactic migration (Senter et al; Cournia et al., J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 416-424; Hare et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20, 5811-5814; Jorgensen et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20, 7033-7036; Orita et al., Curr. Pharm. Des. 2002, 8, 1297-1317; Garai et al., Curr. Med. Chem. 2009, 16, 1091-1114; Xu et al., Drug Disc. Today 2013, 18, 592-600; Xu et al., J. Med. Chem. 2014, 57, 3737-3745; Tsai et al., J Biomol. Screen. 2014, 19, 1116-1123).

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein the variables are as defined below.

The present disclosure also provides a composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present disclosure also provides methods of treating inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other diseases comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the description below. Other features, objects and advantages will be apparent from the description and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a rendering of compound 3b bound to human MIF from a 1.81-Å crystal structure. Carbon atoms of 3b are shown in yellow; some residues have been removed for clarity. Hydrogen bonds are highlighted with dashed lines.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For the terms “e.g.” and “such as,” and grammatical equivalents thereof, the phrase “and without limitation” is understood to follow unless explicitly stated otherwise. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

As used herein, the term “about” means “approximately” (e.g., plus or minus approximately 10% of the indicated value).

I. Compounds

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

X³ is CR³ or N;

X⁸ is CR⁸ or N;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a1), SR^(a1), C(O)R^(b1), C(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), C(O)OR^(a1), OC(O)R^(b1), OC(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(O)R^(b1), NR^(c1)C(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(O)OR^(a1), C(═NR^(e1))NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(═NR^(e1))NR^(c1)R^(d1), S(O)R^(b1), S(O)₂R^(b1), NR^(c1)S(O)₂R^(b1) and S(O)₂NR^(c1)R^(d1); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl, forming R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a2), SR^(a2), C(O)R^(b2), C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), C(O)OR^(a2), OC(O)R^(b2), OC(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)R^(d2), R^(c2)C(O)R^(b2), NR^(c2)C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)OR^(a2), C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), S(O)R^(b2), S(O)₂R^(b2), NR^(c2)S(O)₂R^(b2) and S(O)₂NR^(c2)R^(d2) and each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a2), SR^(a2), C(O)R^(b2), C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), C(O)OR^(a2)OC(O)R^(b2), OC(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)R^(b2), NR^(c2)C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)OR^(a2), C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), S(O)R^(b2), S(O)₂R^(b2), NR^(c2)S(O)₂R^(b2) and S(O)₂NR^(c2)R^(d2);

or any one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may represent a group of formula ArS;

or R⁵ is a water solubilizing group;

or R⁶ and R⁷ in combination with the atoms to which they are attached may form a 5-7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring that is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents each independently selected from R⁹;

or R⁶ or R⁷ or both may be each be independently selected from water solubilizing groups;

each R⁹ is independently selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a1), SR^(a1), C(O)R^(b1), C(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), C(O)OR^(a1), —OC(O)R^(b1), OC(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(O)R^(b1), NR^(c1)C(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(O)OR^(a1), C(═NR^(e1))NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(═NR^(e1))NR^(c1)R^(d1), S(O)R^(b1), S(O)₂R^(b1), NR^(c1)S(O)₂R^(b1), and S(O)₂NR^(c1)R^(d1); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl forming R⁹ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a2), SR^(a2), C(O)R^(b2), C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), C(O)OR^(a2), OC(O)R^(b2), OC(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)R^(b2), NR^(c2)C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)OR^(a2), C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), S(O)R^(b2), S(O)₂R^(b2), NR^(c2)S(O)₂R^(b2), S(O)₂NR^(c2)R^(d2); and each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R⁹ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a2), SR^(a2), C(O)R^(b2), C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), C(O)OR^(a2), OC(O)R^(b2), OC(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)R^(b2), NR^(c2)C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)OR^(a2), C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), S(O)R^(b2), S(O)₂R^(b2), NR^(c2)S(O)₂R^(b2), S(O)₂NR^(c2)R^(d2), and water solubilizing groups;

Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a3), SR^(a3), C(O)R^(b3), C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), C(O)OR^(a3), OC(O)R^(b3), OC(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(O)R^(b3), NR^(c3)C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(O)OR^(a3), C(═NR^(e3))NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(═NR^(e3))NR^(c3)R^(d3), S(O)R^(b3), S(O)₂R^(b3), NR^(c3)S(O)₂R^(b3) and S(O)₂NR^(c3)R^(d3); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl forming Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a4), SR^(a4), C(O)R^(b4), C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), C(O)OR^(a4), OC(O)R^(b4), OC(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)R^(b4), NR^(c4)C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)OR^(a4), C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), S(O)R^(b4), S(O)₂R^(b4), NR^(c4)S(O)₂R^(b4) and S(O)₂NR^(c4)R^(d4); and each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a4), SR^(a4), C(O)R^(b4), C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), C(O)OR^(a4)OC(O)R^(b4), OC(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)R^(b4), NR^(c4)C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)OR^(a4), C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), S(O)R^(b4), S(O)₂R^(b4), NR^(c4)S(O)₂R^(b4) and S(O)₂NR^(c4)R^(d4); or

Y³ is NH, and Y² and Y³ or Y³ and Y⁴, in combination with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, forms a 5-membered fused heteroaromatic ring that is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from Y⁶;

each Y⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a3), SR^(a3), C(O)R^(b3), C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), C(O)OR^(a3), OC(O)R^(b3), OC(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(O)R^(b3), NR^(c3)C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(O)OR^(a3), C(═NR^(e3))NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(═NR^(e3))NR^(c3)R^(d3), S(O)R^(b3), S(O)₂R^(b3), NR^(c3)S(O)₂R^(b3) and S(O)₂NR^(c1)R^(d1); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl forming Y⁶ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a4), SR^(a4), C(O)R^(b4), C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), C(O)OR^(a4), OC(O)R^(b4), OC(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)R^(b4), NR^(c4)C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)OR^(a4), C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), S(O)R^(b4), S(O)₂R^(b4), NR^(c4)S(O)₂R^(b4) and S(O)₂NR^(c4)R^(d4); and each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming Y⁶ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a4), SR^(a4), C(O)R^(b4), C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), C(O)OR^(a4), OC(O)R^(b4), OC(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)R^(b4), NR^(c4)C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)OR^(a4), C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), S(O)R^(b4), S(O)₂R^(b4), NR^(c4)S(O)₂R^(b4) and S(O)₂NR^(c4)R^(d4);

each Ar^(S) is:

A¹ is N or CZ¹;

A² is N or CZ²;

A³ is N or CZ³;

A⁴ is N or CZ⁴;

A⁵ is N or CZ⁵;

provided that 0, 1 or 2 of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are nitrogen;

Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a5), SR^(a5), C(O)R^(b5), C(O)NR^(c5)R^(d5), C(O)OR^(a5), OC(O)R^(b5), OC(O)NR^(c5)R^(d5), NR^(c5)R^(d5), NR^(c5)C(O)R^(b5), NR^(c5)C(O)NR^(c5)R^(d5), NR^(c5)C(O)OR^(d5), C(═NR^(e5))NR^(c5)R^(d5), NR^(c5)C(═NR^(e5))NR^(c)R^(d5), S(O)R^(b5), S(O)₂R^(b5), NR^(c5)S(O)₂R^(b5) and S(O)₂NR^(c5)R^(d5); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl forming Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, or Z⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a6), SR^(a6), C(O)R^(b6), C(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), C(O)OR^(a6), OC(O)R^(b6), OC(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(O)R^(b6), NR^(c6)C(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(O)OR^(a6), C(═NR^(e6))NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(═NR^(e6))NR^(c6)R^(d6), S(O)R^(b6), S(O)₂R^(b6), NR^(c6)S(O)₂R^(b6) and S(O)₂NR^(c6)R^(d6); and each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, or Z⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a6), SR^(a6), C(O)R^(b6), C(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), C(O)OR^(a6)OC(O)R^(b6), OC(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(O)R^(b6), NR^(c6)C(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(O)OR^(a6), C(═NR^(e6))NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(═NR^(e6))NR^(c6)R^(d6), S(O)R^(b6), S(O)₂R^(b6), NR^(c6)S(O)₂R^(b6) and S(O)₂NR^(c6)R^(d6);

or wherein any one or two of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is independently selected from water solubilizing groups;

L^(S) is a bond, O, NR^(c6), C₁₋₄ alkylene, C(O), NR^(c6)C(O) or C(O)NR^(c6);

R^(a1), R^(b1), R^(a2), R^(b2), R^(a3), R^(b3), R^(a4), R^(b4), R^(a5), R^(b5), R^(a6) and R^(b6) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene, wherein each of said C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R^(a1), R^(b1), R^(a2), R^(b2), R^(a3), R^(b3), R^(a4), R^(b4), R^(a5), R^(b5), R^(a6) or R^(b6) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from halogen, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7)NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7) and wherein said C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, forming R^(a1), R^(b1), R^(a2), R^(b2), R^(a3), R^(b3), R^(a4) or R^(b4) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), —OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7);

R^(c1), R^(d1), R^(c2), R^(d2), R^(c3), R^(d3), R^(c4), R^(d4), R^(c5), R^(d5), R^(c6), and R^(d6) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene, wherein each of said C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R^(c1), R^(d1), R^(c2), R^(d2), R^(e3), R^(d3), R^(c4), R^(d4), R^(c5), R^(d5), R^(c6), or R^(d6) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from halo, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7) and wherein each of said C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, forming R^(c1), R^(d1), R^(c2), R^(d2), R^(c3), R^(d3), R^(c4), R^(d4), R^(c5), R^(d5), R^(c6), or R^(d6) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7);

or R^(c1) and R^(d1), R^(c2) and R^(d2), R^(c3) and R^(d3), R^(c4) and R^(d4), R^(c5) and R^(d5), or R^(c6) and R^(d6) attached to the same N atom, together with the N atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group or 5-membered heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7);

R^(a7), R^(b7), R^(c7) and R^(d7) are each independently selected from H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ alkylene, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ alkylene forming R^(a7), R^(b7), R^(c7) and R^(d7) are each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy;

or R^(c7) and R^(d7) attached to the same N atom, together with the N atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group or 5-membered heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; and

R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3), R^(e4), R^(e5), R^(e6) and R^(e7) are each independently selected from H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, OH, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy.

In some embodiments, when Y¹, Y², Y⁴, and R⁴ are each H, Y³ is F, and X³ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl, then at least one of R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ is not H.

In some embodiments, when Y¹, Y², Y⁴, and R⁴ are each H, Y³ is halogen, and X³ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl, then at least one of R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ is not H.

In some embodiments, at least one of Y¹, Y², Y⁴, Y⁵, and R⁴ is other than H, Y³ is other than halogen, or X³ is other than H or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In some embodiments, at least one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ is not H.

In some embodiments, at least one of R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is not H.

In some embodiments, X³ is CR³.

In some embodiments, R³ is H, fluoro, or C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl). In some embodiments, R³ is H, methyl, or ethyl. In some embodiments, R³ is H.

In some embodiments, X³ is N.

In some embodiments, R⁴ is H, fluoro, or C₁₋₆ alkyl. In some embodiments, R⁴ is H or methyl, or ethyl. In some embodiments, R⁴ is H.

In some embodiments, R⁵ is H, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or OR^(a1), wherein the C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁵ is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2).

In some embodiments, R⁵ is H, unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl substituted with 1 substituent selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or OR^(a2), wherein R^(a2) is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 group independently selected from OR^(a5), and C(O)OR^(a)S. In some embodiments, R⁵ is H, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxy(ethoxy))phenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl or phenoxy. In some embodiments, R⁵ is H.

In some embodiments, R⁵ is a water solubilizing group. In some embodiments, R⁵ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2. In some embodiments, R⁵ is a group of the following formula:

In some embodiments, one and only one of A¹, A², A³, A⁴ and A⁵ is N. In some embodiments, two of A¹, A², A³, A⁴ and A⁵ is N.

In some embodiments, R⁵ is a group of any of the following formulae:

In some embodiments, R⁵ is a group of the following formula:

In some embodiments, R⁵ is a group of the following formula:

In some embodiments, Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are each independently selected from H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or wherein any one or two of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is independently selected from water solubilizing groups.

In some embodiments, any one or two of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is independently selected from water solubilizing groups and the remainder of of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are hydrogen.

In some embodiments, any one Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is a water solubilizing group and the remainder of of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are hydrogen.

In some embodiments, the water solubilizing group forming Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, or Z⁵ is a water solubilizing group independently selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, Z¹ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, Z¹ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, Z¹ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, Z² is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, Z² is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, Z² is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, Z³ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, Z³ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, Z³ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, Z⁴ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, Z⁴ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, Z⁴ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, Z⁵ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, Z⁵ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, Z⁵ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, L^(S) is O.

In some embodiments, L^(S) is NH.

In some embodiments, R⁶ is H, OR^(a1), or C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from OR^(a2), C(O)OR^(a2), and NR^(c2)R^(d2)

In some embodiments, R⁶ is H or OR^(a1)

In some embodiments, R⁶ is H.

In some embodiments, R⁶ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁶ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁶ is a group of formula Ar^(S).

In some embodiments, R⁶ is a water solubilizing group. In some embodiments, R⁶ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is H, OR^(a1), or C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with one or more substituent selected from OR^(a2), C(O)OR^(a2), and NR^(c2)R^(d2)

In some embodiments, R⁷ is H or OR^(a1).

In some embodiments, R⁷ is H.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is a group of formula Ar^(S).

In some embodiments, R⁷ is a water solubilizing group. In some embodiments, R⁷ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from water solubilizing groups.

In some embodiments, R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, and 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from water solubilizing groups selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, X⁸ is CR⁸.

In some embodiments, R⁸ is H, halogen, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or OR^(a1), wherein each C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2)

In some embodiments, R⁸ is H, halogen, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or OR^(a1), wherein each C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2)

In some embodiments, R⁸ is H, halogen, unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl substituted with 1 substituent selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or OR^(a2), wherein R^(a2) is C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkoxy or unsubstituted phenyl.

In some embodiments, R⁸ is H, chloro, methoxy, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 4-methoxyphenyl, or phenoxy. In some embodiments, R⁸ is H.

In some embodiments, R⁸ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁸ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, or 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁸ is a group of formula Ar^(S).

In some embodiments, R⁸ is a water solubilizing group. In some embodiments, R⁸ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, R⁸ is a group of the following formula:

wherein each of A¹, A², A³, A⁴ and A⁵ is independently defined as described above (or for any of the embodiments thereof).

In some embodiments, R⁸ is a group of any of the following formulae:

wherein each of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴ and Z⁵ is independently defined as described above (or for any of the embodiments thereof).

In some embodiments, R⁸ is a group of the following formula:

In some embodiments, R⁸ is group of any one of the following formulae:

In some embodiments, X⁸ is N.

In some embodiments, Y¹ is H or halogen. In some embodiments, Y¹ is H. In some embodiments, Y¹ is F.

In some embodiments, Y² is H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or OR^(a3). In some embodiments, Y² is H or halogen. In some embodiments, Y² is H, F, methyl or methoxy. In some embodiments, Y² is H or F. In some embodiments, Y² is H.

In some embodiments, Y³ is OH, halogen, CN, OR^(a3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), or C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3). In some embodiments, Y³ is OH, C₁, or F. In some embodiments, Y³ is OH. In some embodiments, Y⁴ is

H or halo. In some embodiments, Y⁴ is H or F. In some embodiments, Y⁴ is H.

In some embodiments, Y⁵ is H or F. In some embodiments, Y⁵ is H.

In some embodiments, one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ represents a group of formula Ar^(S).

In some embodiments, one and only one of A¹, A², A³, A⁴ and A⁵ is N.

In some embodiments, two of A¹, A², A³, A⁴ and A⁵ is N.

In some embodiments, Ar^(S) is a group of any of the following formulae:

In some embodiments, Ar^(S) is a group of the following formula:

Each of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴ and Z⁵ can independently be defined as described above (or for any of the embodiments thereof).

In some embodiments, Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are each independently selected from H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or wherein any one or two of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is independently selected from water solubilizing groups.

In some embodiments, any one or two of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is independently selected from water solubilizing groups and the remainder of of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are hydrogen.

In some embodiments, any one Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is a water solubilizing group and the remainder of of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are hydrogen.

In some embodiments, the water solubilizing group forming Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, or Z⁵ is a water solubilizing group independently selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, Ar^(S) is a group of any one of the following formulae:

In some embodiments:

X³ is CR³ or N;

X⁸ is CR⁸ or N;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, and OR^(a1), wherein each C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2);

Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, CN, OR^(a3), NR^(c3)R^(d3) and C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3);

R^(a1), R^(a2), and R^(a3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, and C₆₋₁₀ aryl, wherein each said C₁₋₄ alkyl forming R^(a1), R^(a2), or R^(a3) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from halo and OR^(a5) and wherein each said C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R^(a1), R^(a2), and R^(a3) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3, groups independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, OR^(a5), and C(O)OR^(a5);

R^(c3) and R^(d3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

each R^(a5) is independently selected from H and C₁₋₆ alkyl, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl, forming R^(a5) is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, C₁₋₆ alkoxy and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ alkylene; and

R^(c5) and R^(d5) are each independently selected from H and C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In some embodiments:

X³ is CR⁸;

X⁸ is CR⁸ or N;

R³ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R⁴ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R⁵ is H, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or OR^(a1), wherein each C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2);

R⁶ is H or OR^(a1),

R⁷ is H;

R⁸ is H, halogen, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or OR^(a1), wherein each C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2);

Y¹ is H;

Y² is H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or OR^(a3);

Y³ is OH, halogen, CN, OR^(a3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), r C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3)

Y⁴ is H;

Y⁵ is H;

R^(a1), R^(a2), and R^(a3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, and C₆₋₁₀ aryl, wherein each said C₁₋₄ alkyl forming R^(a1), R^(a2), or R^(a3) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from halo and OR^(a5) and wherein each said C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R^(a1), R^(a2), and R^(a3) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3, groups independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, OR^(a5), and C(O)OR^(a5);

R^(c3) and R^(d3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

each R^(a5) is independently selected from H and C₁₋₆ alkyl, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl, forming R^(a5) is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, C₁₋₆ alkoxy and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkyl; and

R^(c5) and R^(d5) are each independently selected from H and C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In some embodiments:

X³ is CR³ or N;

X⁸ is CR⁸ or N;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of H, F, methyl and ethyl;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, F, methyl and ethyl;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, Ar^(S); and water solubilizing groups;

R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H, Ar^(S); and water solubilizing groups;

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of H, Ar^(S); and water solubilizing groups;

R⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, Ar^(S); and water solubilizing groups;

Y¹, Y², Y⁴, and Y⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and F; and

Y³ is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl and OH.

In some such embodiments, at least one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ is selected from Ar^(S). In some such embodiments, the other of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are H. In some such embodiments, Ar^(S) is substituted by one or by one or more water solubilizing groups.

In some such embodiments, one and only one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ is selected from Ar^(S). In some such embodiments, the other of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are H.

In some such embodiments, at least one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ is selected from water solubilizing groups. In some such embodiments, the other of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are H. In some such embodiments, Ar^(S) is substituted by one or by one or more water solubilizing groups.

In some such embodiments, one and only one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ is selected from water solubilizing groups. In some such embodiments, the other of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are H.

In some embodiments, preferred water solubilizing groups as R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ or as substituents of Ar^(S) include H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, preferred water solubilizing groups as R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ or as substituents of Ar^(S) include H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, or 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, preferred water solubilizing groups as R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ or as substituents of Ar^(S) include those listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is a compound of Formula (II), (III) or (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is a compound of Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, L^(S) is NH.

In some embodiments, L^(S) is O.

In some embodiments, Y² is H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or OR^(a3). In some embodiments, Y² is H or halogen. In some embodiments, Y² is H, F, methyl or methoxy. In some embodiments, Y² is H or F. In some embodiments, Y² is H.

In some embodiments, Y³ is OH, halogen, CN, OR^(a3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), or C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3). In some embodiments, Y³ is OH, C₁, or F. In some embodiments, Y³ is OH or F.

In some embodiments, Y⁴ is H or halogen. In some embodiments, Y⁴ is H or F. In some embodiments, Y⁴ is H.

In some embodiments, R⁶ is H, OR^(a1), or C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with a substituent selected from OR^(a2), C(O)OR^(a2), and NR^(c2)R^(d2). In some embodiments, R⁶ is H or OR^(a1). In some embodiments, R⁶ is H.

In some embodiments, R⁶ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁶ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, or 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁶ is a water solubilizing group. In some embodiments, R⁶ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2. In some embodiments, R⁷ is H, OR^(a1), or C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with a substituent selected from OR^(a2), C(O)OR^(a2), and NR^(c2)R^(d2). In some embodiments, R⁷ is H or OR^(a1). In some embodiments, R⁷ is H.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, or 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is a water solubilizing group. In some embodiments, R⁷ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from water solubilizing groups. In some embodiments, R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from water solubilizing groups selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, Z¹ and Z² are each independently selected from H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or wherein Z¹ or Z² or Z¹ and Z² are independently selected from water solubilizing groups.

In some embodiments, Z¹ is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, Z¹ is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, or 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, Z¹ is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

In some embodiments, Z² is H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

In some embodiments, Z² is H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, or 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

In some embodiments, Z² is a water solubilizing group selected from the groups listed in Table 2. In some embodiments, Z¹ is a water solubilizing group and Z² is a water solubilizing group.

In some embodiments, Z¹ is a water solubilizing group and Z² is hydrogen.

In some embodiments, Z² is a water solubilizing group and Z¹ is hydrogen.

In some embodiments, the water solubilizing group or groups are each independently selected from the groups listed in Table 2.

The compounds of Formula (I) include the following compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: 4-(4-(quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3a) 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3b); 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3c); 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (3d); 2-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (3e); 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)aniline (3f) 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (3g); 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (3h); 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamide (3i); 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-methylphenol (3j); 2-methoxy-4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3k); 4-(4-(3-methylquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3l); 4-(4-(4-methylquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3m); 4-(4-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3n); 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-8-methoxyquinoline (3o) 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-8-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (3p); 4-(4-(8-(4-methoxyphenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3q); 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-8-phenoxyquinoline (3r); 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-5-phenoxyquinoline (3 s); 4-(4-(6-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3t); 4-(4-(3-methyl-6-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3u); 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3v); 2-fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3w); 4-(2-(2-((2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (3×); 4-(2-(2-((2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (3y); 2-fluoro-4-(4-(5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3z); 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid (3aa); 4-(4-(1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (4a); 2-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine (4b); 4-(4-(7-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 3-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid (3bb); 3-((2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 4-((2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 4-(4-(5-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(4-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(3-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(4-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(1-(isoquinolin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenol; 2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-7-methyl-1,7-naphthyridin-8(7H)-one; 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorophenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,6-difluorophenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(5-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(7-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorophenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)acetic acid; N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 2-(2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid; 2,6-difluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-5-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 3-fluoro-5-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 3-((2-(1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 4-(4-(5-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorophenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(5-(3-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-8-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 3-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-8-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 2-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)acetic acid; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)butanoic acid; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)butanoic acid; and 2-(2-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)acetic acid.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is 2-(2-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)acetic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is 2-(2-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)acetic acid.

In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) include compounds of the formulae (II), (III) and the following formulae (III-A), (III-B), (A-1), (A-2), (A-3), (A-4), (A-5), (B-1), (B-2), (B-3), (B-4), (B-5), (B-6), (B-7), (B-8), (B-9), (B-10), (C-1), (C-2), (C-3), (C-4), (C-5), (C-6), (C-7), (C-8), (C-9), (C-10), (C-11), (C-12), (C-13), (C-14), (C-15), (C-16), (C-17), (C-18), (C-19), (C-20), (C-21), (C-22), (C-23), (C-24), (D-1), (D-2), (D-3), (D-4), (D-5), (D-6), (D-7), (D-8), (D-9), (D-10), (D-11), (D-12), (D-13), (D-14), (D-15), (D-16), (D-17), (D-18), (D-19), (D-20), (D-21), (D-22), (D-23), (D-24), (D-25), (D-26), (D-27), (D-28), (D-29), (D-30), (D-31), (D-32), (D-33), (D-34), (D-35), (D-36), (D-37), (D-38), (D-39), (D-40), (D-41), (D-42), (D-43), (D-44), (D-45), (D-46), (D-47), (D-48), (D-49), (D-50), (D-51) and (D-52) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

In the compounds of formulae (II), (III), (III-A), (III-B), (C-1), (C-7), (C-13), (C-19), (D-1) to (D-6) and (D-27) to (D-32), the variables Ls, Y², Y³ and Y⁴ can be as defined above for the compounds of Formula (I) or any of the embodiments thereof. In particular embodiments of the compounds of each of the formulae (II), (III), (III-A), (III-B), (A-1), (A-2), (A-3), (A-4), (A-5), (B-1), (B-2), (B-3), (B-4), (B-5), (B-6), (B-7), (B-8), (B-9), and (B-10) the variables R⁶ and R⁷ (in formulae (II), (A-1), (A-2), (A-3), (A-4), (A-5)) and the variables Z¹ and Z² (in formulae (III), (III-A), (III-B), (B-1), (B-2), (B-3), (B-4), (B-5), (B-6), (B-7), (B-8), (B-9), and (B-10)) can have the values shown in Table 1. The variable R⁶ in formulae (C-1) to (C-12) and the variable Z¹ in formulae (D-1) to (D-26) and (D-53) to (D-72), can have the values shown in Entries 1-406 of Table 1. The variable R⁷ in formulae (C-13) to (C-24) and the variable Z² in formulae (D-27) to (D-52), can have the values shown in Entries 407-812 of Table 1.

TABLE 1 Compounds of Formulae ((II), (III), (III-A), (III-B), (A-1), (A-2), (A-3), (A-4), (A- 5), (B-1), (B-2), (B-3), (B-4), (B-5), (B-6), (B-7), (B-8), (B-9), (B-10), (C-1), (C-2), (C-3), (C- 4), (C-5), (C-6), (C-7), (C-8), (C-9), (C-10), (C-11), (C-12), (C-13), (C-14), (C-15), (C-16), (C-17), (C-18), (C-19), (C-20), (C-21), (C-22), (C-23), (C-24), (D-1), (D-2), (D-3), (D-4), (D- 5), (D-6), (D-7), (D-8), (D-9), (D-10), (D-11), (D-12), (D-13), (D-14), (D-15), (D-16), (D-17), (D-18), (D-19), (D-20), (D-21), (D-22), (D-23), (D-24), (D-25), (D-26), (D-27), (D-28), (D-29), (D-30), (D-31), (D-32), (D-33), (D-34), (D-35), (D-36), (D-37), (D-38), (D-39), (D-40), (D-41), (D-42), (D-43), (D-44), (D-45), (D-46), (D-47), (D-48), (D-49), (D-50), (D-51), (D-52, (D-53), (D-54), (D-55), (D-56), (D-57), (D-58), (D-59), (D-60), (D-61), (D-62), (D-63), (D-64), (D-65), (D-66), (D-67), (D-68), (D-69), (D-70), (D-71) and (D-72) R⁶ (in formulae (II), and A-1 to A-5) or Z¹ (in formulae (III), (III-A), (III-B), and R⁷ (in formulae (II), and A-1 to A5) or B-1 to B-10) or Z² (in formulae (III), (III-A), (III-B), and R⁶ in formulae (C-1) to (C-12) or B-1 to B-10) or Z¹ in formulae (D-1) to (D-26) and R⁷ in formulae (C-13) to (C-24) or Entry (D-53) to (D-72) Z² in formulae (D-27) to (D-52)   1 —OH H   2 —OMe H   3 —OEt H   4 —OPr H   5 —OiPr H   6 —OcPr H   7 —OcBu H   8 —OcPn H   9 —OcHex H   10 —OCH₂CH₂OH H   11 —OCH₂CH₂OMe H   12 —OCH₂CH₂OEt H   13 —OCH₂CH₂NH₂ H   14 —OCH₂CH₂NHMe H   15 —OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H   16

H   17

H   18

H   19

H   20

H   21 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H   22 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H   23 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H   24 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H   25 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H   26 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H   27

H   28

H   29

H   30

H   31

H   32 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH H   33 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe H   34 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt H   35 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ H   36 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe H   37 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H   38

H   39

H   40

H   41

H   42

H   43 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H   44 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H   45 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H   46 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H   47 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H   48 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H   49

H   50

H   51

H   52

H   53

H   54 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH H   55 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe H   56 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt H   57 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ H   58 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe H   59 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H   60

H   61

H   62

H   63

H   64

H   65 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H   66 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H   67 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H   68 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H   69 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H   70 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H   71

H   72

H   73

H   74

H   75

H   76 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH H   77 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe H   78 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt H   79 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ H   80 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe H   81 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H   82

H   83

H   84

H   85

H   86

H   87 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H   88 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H   89 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H   90 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H   91 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H   92 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H   93

H   94

H   95

H   96

H   97

H   98 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH H   99 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe H  100 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt H  101 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  102 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe H  103 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  104

H  105

H  106

H  107

H 108

H  109 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H  110 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H  111 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H  112 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H  113 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H  114 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  115

H  116

H  117

H  118

H  119

H  120 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  121 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  122 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  123 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂ H  124 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂NHMe)₂ H  125 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂NMe₂)₂ H  126 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  127 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  128 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  129 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(HCH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  130 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  131 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  132 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  133 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  134 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  135 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH H  136 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe H  137 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt H  138 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  139 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe H  140 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  141

H  142

H  143

H  144

H  145

H  146 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H  147 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H  148 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H  149 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H  150 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H  151 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  152

H  153

H  154

H  155

H  156

H  157 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH H  158 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe H  159 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt H  160 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  161 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe H  162 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  163

H  164

H  165

H  166

H  167

H  168 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H  169 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H  170 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H  171 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H  172 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H  173 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  174

H  175

H  176

H  177

H  178

H  179 —CH₂OH H  180 —CH₂OMe H  181 —CH₂OEt H  182 —CH₂NH₂ H  183 —CH₂NHMe H  184 —CH₂NMe₂ H  185

H  186

H  187

H  188

H  189

H  190 —CH₂CH₂OH H  191 —CH₂CH₂OMe H  192 —CH₂CH₂OEt H  193 —CH₂CH₂NH₂ H  194 —CH₂CH₂NHMe H  195 —CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  196

H  197

H  198

H  199

H  200

H  201 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH H  202 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H  203 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H  204 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H  205 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H  206 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  207

H  208

H  209

H  210

H  211

H  212 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH H  213 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H  214 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H  215 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H  216 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H  217 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  218

H  219

H  220

H  221

H  222

H  223 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH H  224 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe H  225 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt H  226 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  227 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe H  228 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  229

H  230

H  231

H  232

H  233

H  234 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH H  235 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe H  236 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt H  237 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  238 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe H  239 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  240

H  241

H  242

H  243

H  244

H  245 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  246 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  247 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  248 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH H  249 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe H  250 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt H  251 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  252 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe H  253 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  254

H  255

H  256

H  257

H  258

H  259 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH H  260 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe H  261 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt H  262 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  263 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe H  264 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  265

H  266

H  267

H  268

H  269

H  270 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH H  271 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe H  272 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt H  273 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  274 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe H  275 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂  276

H  277

H  278

H  279

H  280

H  281 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  282 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  283 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  284 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH H  285 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe H  286 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt H  287 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  288 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe H  289 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂  290

H  291

H  292

H  293

H  294

H  295 —NH H  296 —NHMe H  297 —NMe₂ H  298 —NHEt H  299 —NHPr H  300 —NHiPr H  301 —NHcPr H  302 —NHcBu H  303 —NHcPn H  304 —NHcHex H  305 —NHCH₂CH₂OH H  306 —NHCH₂CH₂OMe H  307 —NHCH₂CH₂OEt H  308 —NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  309 —NHCH₂CH₂NHMe H  310 —NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  311

H  312

H  313

H  314

H  315

H  316 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H  317 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H  318 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H  319 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H  320 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H  321 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  322

H  323

H  324

H  325

H  326

H  327 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH H  328 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe H  329 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt H  330 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  331 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe H  332 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  333 —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  334 —N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  335 —N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  336 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  337 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  338 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  339

H  340 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH)₂ H  341 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe)₂ H  342 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt)₂ H  343 —NMeCH₂CH₂OH H  344 —NMeCH₂CH₂OMe H  345 —NMeCH₂CH₂OEt H  346 —NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  347 —NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe H  348 —NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  349

H  350

H  351

H  352

H  353

H  354 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH H  355 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe H  356 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt H  357 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ H  358 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe H  359 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  360

H  361

H  362

H  363

H  364

H  365 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH H  366 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe H  367 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt H  368 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ H  369 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe H  370 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ H  371 —O(C═O)OMe H  372 —O(C═O)OEt H  373 —O(C═O)OnPr H  374 —O(C═O)OiPr H  375 —O(C═O)OcPr H  376 —O(C═O)OcBu H  377 —O(C═O)OcPn H  378 —O(C═O)OcHex H  379 —COOH H  380 —CH₂(C═O)OH H  381 —CH₂(C═O)OMe H  382 —CH₂(C═O)OEt H  383 —CH₂(C═O)OnPr H  384 —CH₂(C═O)OiPr H  385 —CH₂(C═O)OcPn H  386 —CH₂(C═O)OcBu H  387 —CH₂(C═O)OcPn H  388 —CH₂(C═O)OcHex H  389 —OCH₂(C═O)OH H  390 —OCH₂(C═O)OMe H  391 —OCH₂(C═O)OEt H  392 —OCH₂(C═O)OnPr H  393 —OCH₂(C═O)OiPr H  394 —OCH₂(C═O)OcPr H  395 —OCH₂(C═O)OcBu H  396 —OCH₂(C═O)OcPn H  397 —OCH₂(C═O)OcHex H  398 —NHCH₂(C═O)OH H  399 —NHCH₂(C═O)OMe H  400 —NHCH₂(C═O)OEt H  401 —NHCH₂(C═O)OnPr H  402 —NHCH₂(C═O)OiPr H  403 —NHCH₂(C═O)OcPr H  404 —NHCH₂(C═O)OcBu H  405 —NHCH₂(C═O)OcPn H  406 —NHCH₂(C═O)OcHex H  407 H —OH  408 H —OMe  409 H —OEt  410 H —OPr  411 H —OiPr  412 H —OcPr  413 H —OcBu  414 H —OcPn  415 H —OcHex  416 H —OCH₂CH₂OH  417 H —OCH₂CH₂OMe  418 H —OCH₂CH₂OEt  419 H —OCH₂CH₂NH₂  420 H —OCH₂CH₂NHMe  421 H —OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  422 H

 423 H

 424 H

 425 H

 426 H

 427 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  428 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  429 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  430 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  431 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  432 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  433 H

 434 H

 435 H

 436 H

 437 H

 438 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  439 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  440 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  441 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  442 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  443 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  444 H

 445 H

 446 H

 447 H

 448 H

 449 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  450 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  451 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  452 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  453 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  454 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  455 H

 456 H

 457 H

 458 H

 459 H

 460 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  461 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  462 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  463 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  464 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  465 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  466 H

 467 H

 468 H

 469 H

 470 H

 471 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  472 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  473 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  474 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  475 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  476 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  477 H

 478 H

 479 H

 480 H

 481 H

 482 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH  483 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe  484 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt  485 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂  486 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe  487 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂  488 H

 489 H

 490 H

 491 H

 492 H

 493 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  494 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  495 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  496 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  497 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  498 H —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  499 H

 500 H

 501 H

 502 H

 503 H

 504 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH  505 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe  506 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt  507 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂  508 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe  509 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂  510 H

 511 H

 512 H

 513 H

 514 H

 515 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  516 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  517 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  518 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  519 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  520 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  521 H

 522 H

 523 H

 524 H

 525 H

 526 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂  527 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  528 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  529 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂  530 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂NHMe)₂  531 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂NMe₂)₂  532 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂  533 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  534 H —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  535 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(HCH₂CH₂OH)₂  536 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  537 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  538 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂  539 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  540 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  541 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH  542 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  543 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  544 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂  545 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe  546 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂  547 H

 548 H

 549 H

 550 H

 551 H

 552 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  553 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  554 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  555 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  556 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  557 H —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  558 H

 559 H

 560 H

 561 H

 562 H

 563 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH  564 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  565 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  566 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂  567 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe  568 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂  569 H

 570 H

 571 H

 572 H

 573 H

 574 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  575 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  576 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  577 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  578 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  579 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  580 H

 581 H

 582 H

 583 H

 584 H

 585 H —CH₂OH  586 H —CH₂OMe  587 H —CH₂OEt  588 H —CH₂NH₂  589 H —CH₂NHMe  590 H —CH₂NMe₂  591 H

 592 H

 593 H

 594 H

 595 H

 596 H —CH₂CH₂OH  597 H —CH₂CH₂OMe  598 H —CH₂CH₂OEt  599 H —CH₂CH₂NH₂  600 H —CH₂CH₂NHMe  601 H —CH₂CH₂NMe₂  602 H

 603 H

 604 H

 605 H

 606 H

 607 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  608 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  609 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  610 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  611 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  612 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  613 H

 614 H

 615 H

 616 H

 617 H

 618 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  619 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  620 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  621 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  622 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  623 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  624 H

 625 H

 626 H

 627 H

 628 H

 629 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  630 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  631 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  632 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  633 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  634 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  635 H

 636 H

 637 H

 638 H

 639 H

 640 H —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH  641 H —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe  642 H —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt  643 H —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂  644 H —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe  645 H —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂  646 H

 647 H

 648 H

 649 H

 650 H

 651 H —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂  652 H —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  653 H —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  654 H —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH  655 H —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  656 H —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  657 H —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂  658 H —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe  659 H —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂  660 H

 661 H

 662 H

 663 H

 664 H

 665 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  666 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  667 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  668 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  669 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  670 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  671 H

 672 H

 673 H

 674 H

 675 H

 676 H —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH  677 H —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe  678 H —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt  679 H —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂  680 H —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe  681 H —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂  682 H

 683 H

 684 H

 685 H

 686 H

 687 H —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂  688 H —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  689 H —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  690 H —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH  691 H —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  692 H —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  693 H —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂  694 H —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe  695 H —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂  696 H

 697 H

 698 H

 699 H

 700 H

 701 H —NH  702 H —NHMe  703 H —NMe₂  704 H —NHEt  705 H —NHPr  706 H —NHiPr  707 H —NHcPr  708 H —NHcBu  709 H —NHcPn  710 H —NHcHex  711 H —NHCH₂CH₂OH  712 H —NHCH₂CH₂OMe  713 H —NHCH₂CH₂OEt  714 H —NHCH₂CH₂NH₂  715 H —NHCH₂CH₂NHMe  716 H —NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂  717 H

 718 H

 719 H

 720 H

 721 H

 722 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  723 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  724 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  725 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  726 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  727 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  728 H

 729 H

 730 H

 731 H

 732 H

 733 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  734 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  735 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  736 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  737 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  738 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  739 H —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂  740 H —N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  741 H —N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  742 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂  743 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  744 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  745 H

 746 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH)₂  747 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe)₂  748 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt)₂  749 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OH  750 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  751 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  752 H —NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂  753 H —NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe  754 H —NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂  755 H

 756 H

 757 H

 758 H

 759 H

 760 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  761 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  762 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  763 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  764 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  765 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  766 H

 767 H

 768 H

 769 H

 770 H

 771 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  772 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  773 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  774 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  775 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  776 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  777 H —O(C═O)OMe  778 H —O(C═O)OEt  779 H —O(C═O)OnPr  780 H —O(C═O)OiPr  781 H —O(C═O)OcPr  782 H —O(C═O)OcBu  783 H —O(C═O)OcPn  784 H —O(C═O)OcHex  785 H —COOH  786 H —CH₂(C═O)OH  787 H —CH₂(C═O)OMe  788 H —CH₂(C═O)OEt  789 H —CH₂(C═O)OnPr  790 H —CH₂(C═O)OiPr  791 H —CH₂(C═O)OcPn  792 H —CH₂(C═O)OcBu  793 H —CH₂(C═O)OcPn  794 H —CH₂(C═O)OcHex  795 H —OCH₂(C═O)OH  796 H —OCH₂(C═O)OMe  797 H —OCH₂(C═O)OEt  798 H —OCH₂(C═O)OnPr  799 H —OCH₂(C═O)OiPr  800 H —OCH₂(C═O)OcPr  801 H —OCH₂(C═O)OcBu  802 H —OCH₂(C═O)OcPn  803 H —OCH₂(C═O)OcHex  804 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OH  805 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OMe  806 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OEt  807 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OnPr  808 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OiPr  809 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OcPr  810 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OcBu  811 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OcPn  812 H —NHCH₂(C═O)OcHex  813 H H  814 —OMe —OMe  815 —OEt —OEt  816 —OPr —OPr  817 —OiPr —OiPr  818 —OcPr —OcPr  819 —OcBu —OcBu  820 —OcPn —OcPn  821 —OcHex —OcHex  822 —OCH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂OH  823 —OCH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂OMe  824 —OCH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂OEt  825 —OCH₂CH₂NH₂ —OCH₂CH₂NH₂  826 —OCH₂CH₂NHMe —OCH₂CH₂NHMe  827 —OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  828

 829

 830

 831 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  832 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  833 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  834 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  835 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  836 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  837

 838

 839

 840 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  841 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  842 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  843 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  844 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  845 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  846

 847

 848

 849 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  850 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  851 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  852 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  853 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  854 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  855

 856

 857

 858 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  859 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  860 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  861 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  862 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  863 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  864

 865

 866

 867 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  868 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  869 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  870 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  871 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  872 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  873

 874

 875

 876

 877

 878 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH  879 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe  880 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt  881 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  882 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  883 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  884 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH  885 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe  886 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt  887 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  888 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  889 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  890 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂  891 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  892 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  893 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂  894 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  895 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  896 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(HCH₂CH₂OH)₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(HCH₂CH₂OH)₂  897 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  898 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  899 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂  900 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  901 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  902 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH  903 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  904 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  905 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  906 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  907 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  908 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH  909 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  910 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  911 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  912 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  913 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  914 —CH₂OH —CH₂OH  915 —CH₂OMe —CH₂OMe  916 —CH₂OEt —CH₂OEt  917 —CH₂NH₂ —CH₂NH₂  918 —CH₂NHMe —CH₂NHMe  919 —CH₂NMe₂ —CH₂NMe₂  920

 921

 922

 923 —CH₂CH₂OH —CH₂CH₂OH  924 —CH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂CH₂OMe  925 —CH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂CH₂OEt  926 —CH₂CH₂NH₂ —CH₂CH₂NH₂  927 —CH₂CH₂NHMe —CH₂CH₂NHMe  928 —CH₂CH₂NMe₂ —CH₂CH₂NMe₂  929

 930

 931

 932 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  933 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  934 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  935 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  936 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe —CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  937 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ —CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  938

 939

 940

 941 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  942 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  943 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  944 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  945 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  946 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  947

 948

 949

 950 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  951 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  952 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  953 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  954 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  955 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  956

 957

 958

 959 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH  960 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe  961 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt  962 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂  963 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  964 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  965 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH  966 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  967 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  968 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  969 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  970 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  971 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  972 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  973 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  974

 975

 976

 977 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH  978 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe  979 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt  980 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂  981 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  982 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  983 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH  984 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  985 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  986 —NHCH₂CH₂OH —NHCH₂CH₂OH  987 —NHCH₂CH₂OMe —NHCH₂CH₂OMe  988 —NHCH₂CH₂OEt —NHCH₂CH₂OEt  989 —NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ —NHCH₂CH₂NH₂  990 —NHCH₂CH₂NHMe —NHCH₂CH₂NHMe  991 —NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂  992

 993

 994 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  995 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  996 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  997 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  998 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  999 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  1000

 1001

 1002 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  1003 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  1004 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  1005 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  1006 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  1007 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  1008 —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂  1009 —N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  1010 —N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  1011 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂  1012 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂  1013 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂  1014

 1015 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH)₂  1016 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe)₂  1017 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt)₂  1018 —NMeCH₂CH₂OH —NMeCH₂CH₂OH  1019 —NMeCH₂CH₂OMe —NMeCH₂CH₂OMe  1020 —NMeCH₂CH₂OEt —NMeCH₂CH₂OEt  1021 —NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ —NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂  1022 —NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe —NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe  1023 —NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂  1024

 1025

 1026

 1027 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  1028 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe  1029 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt  1030 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  1031 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe  1032 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂  1033

 1034

 1035

 1036

 1037

 1038 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH  1039 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe  1040 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt  1041 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂  1042 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe  1043 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂  1044 —COOH —COOH  1045 —CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂(C═O)OH  1046 —OCH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂(C═O)OH  1047 —NHCH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂(C═O)OH  1048 —CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1049 —CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1050 —OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1051 —CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1052 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1053 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1054 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1055 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1056 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1057 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1058 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1059 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1060 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1061 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1062 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1063 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1064 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1065 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1066 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1067 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1068 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1069 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1070 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H 10710 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1072 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1073 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1074 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1075 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1076 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1077 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1078 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1079 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1080 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1081 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH H  1082 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH H  1083 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1084 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1085 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1086 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1087 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(CO)OH H  1088 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1089 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1090 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1091 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1092 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1093 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1094 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1095 —NHCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1096 —NMeCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1097 —N(CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1098 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1099 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1100 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1101 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1102 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1103 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1104 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1105 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1106 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1107 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1108 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1109 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1110 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1111 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1112 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1113 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1114 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1115 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1116 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1117 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1118 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1119 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1120 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH H  1121 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1122 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1123 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH H  1124 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ H  1125 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H H  1126 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H H  1127 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H)₂ H  1128 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1129 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1130 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ H  1131 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1132 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1133 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ H  1134 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1135 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1136 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ H  1137 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1138 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1139 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ H  1140 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1141 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H H  1142 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ H  1143 H —CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1144 H —CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1145 H —OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1146 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1147 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1148 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1149 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1150 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1151 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1152 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1153 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1154 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1155 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1156 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1157 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1158 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1159 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1160 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1161 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1162 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1163 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1164 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1165 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1166 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1167 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1168 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1169 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1170 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 11711 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1172 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1173 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1174 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1175 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1176 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH  1177 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH  1178 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1179 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1180 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1181 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1182 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(CO)OH  1183 H —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1184 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1185 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1186 H —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1187 H —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1188 H —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1189 H —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1190 H —NHCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1191 H —NMeCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1192 H —N(CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1193 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1194 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1195 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1196 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1197 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1198 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1199 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1200 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1201 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1202 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1203 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1204 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1205 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1206 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1207 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1208 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1209 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1210 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1211 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1212 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1213 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1214 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1215 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1216 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1217 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1218 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1219 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1220 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H  1221 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H  1222 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H)₂  1223 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H  1224 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H  1225 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1226 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H  1227 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H  1228 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1229 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1230 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1231 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1232 H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1233 H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1234 H —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1235 H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1236 H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1237 H —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1238 —CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1239 —CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1240 —OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1241 —CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1242 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1243 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1244 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1245 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1246 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1247 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1248 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1249 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1250 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1251 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1252 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1253 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1254 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1255 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1256 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1257 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1258 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1259 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1260 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1261 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1262 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1263 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1264 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1265 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1266 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1267 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1268 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1269 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1270 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 12712 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH  1272 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH  1273 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1274 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1275 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1276 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1277 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(CO)OH —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(CO)OH  1278 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1279 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1280 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1281 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1282 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1283 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1284 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1285 —NHCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1286 —NMeCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1287 —N(CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1288 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1289 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1290 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1291 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1292 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1293 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1294 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1295 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1296 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1297 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1298 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1299 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1300 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1301 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1302 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1303 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1304 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1305 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1306 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1307 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1308 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1309 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1313 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH  1311 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1312 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1313 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH  1314 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂  1315 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H  1316 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H  1317 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H)₂  1318 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H  1319 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H  1320 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1321 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H  1322 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H  1323 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1324 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1325 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1326 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1327 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1328 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1329 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂  1330 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1331 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H  1332 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂

For each of the compounds depicted above in Table 1 that is a carboxylic acid, the compounds ester derivatives are also provided. The ester can be, e.g., a methyl ester, an ethyl ester, an n-propyl ester, an isopropyl ester, a cyclopropyl ester, an n-butyl ester, a s-butyl ester, an isobutyl ester, or a t-buyl ester, a cyclobutyl ester, a pentyl ester (e.g., an n-pentyl ester), a cyclopentyl ester, or a hexyl ester (e.g., a n-hexyl ester) or a cyclohexyl ester.

It is further appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment (while the embodiments are intended to be combined as if written in multiply dependent form). Conversely, various features of the invention which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination. Thus, it is contemplated that features described as embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I) can be combined in any suitable combination.

At various places in the present specification, certain features of the compounds are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that such a disclosure include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges. For example, the term “C₁₋₆ alkyl” is specifically intended to individually disclose (without limitation) methyl, ethyl, C₃ alkyl, C₄ alkyl, C₅ alkyl and C₆ alkyl.

The term “n-membered,” where n is an integer, typically describes the number of ring-forming atoms in a moiety where the number of ring-forming atoms is n. For example, piperidinyl is an example of a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, pyrazolyl is an example of a 5-membered heteroaryl ring, pyridyl is an example of a 6-membered heteroaryl ring and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalene is an example of a 10-membered cycloalkyl group.

At various places in the present specification, variables defining divalent linking groups are described. It is specifically intended that each linking substituent include both the forward and backward forms of the linking substituent. For example, —NR(CR′R″)_(n)— includes both —NR(CR′R″)_(n)— and —(CR′R″)_(n)NR— and is intended to disclose each of the forms individually. Where the structure requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” or “aryl” then it is understood that the “alkyl” or “aryl” represents a linking alkylene group or arylene group, respectively.

The term “substituted” means that an atom or group of atoms formally replaces hydrogen as a “substituent” attached to another group. The term “substituted”, unless otherwise indicated, refers to any level of substitution, e.g., mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- or penta-substitution, where such substitution is permitted. The substituents are independently selected, and substitution may be at any chemically accessible position. It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency. The term “optionally substituted” means unsubstituted or substituted. The term “substituted” means that a hydrogen atom is removed and replaced by a substituent. A single divalent substituent, e.g., oxo, can replace two hydrogen atoms.

The term “C_(n-m)” indicates a range which includes the endpoints, wherein n and m are integers and indicate the number of carbons. Examples include C₁₋₄, C₁₋₆ and the like.

The term “alkyl” employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a saturated hydrocarbon group that may be straight-chain or branched. The term “C_(n-m) alkyl”, refers to an alkyl group having n to m carbon atoms. An alkyl group formally corresponds to an alkane with one C—H bond replaced by the point of attachment of the alkyl group to the remainder of the compound. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl moieties include, but are not limited to, chemical groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl; higher homologs such as 2-methyl-1-butyl, n-pentyl, 3-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl and the like.

The term “alkenyl” employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group corresponding to an alkyl group having one or more double carbon-carbon bonds. An alkenyl group formally corresponds to an alkene with one C—H bond replaced by the point of attachment of the alkenyl group to the remainder of the compound. The term “C_(n-m) alkenyl” refers to an alkenyl group having n to m carbons. In some embodiments, the alkenyl moiety contains 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms. Example alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, n-propenyl, isopropenyl, n-butenyl, sec-butenyl and the like.

The term “alkynyl” employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group corresponding to an alkyl group having one or more triple carbon-carbon bonds. An alkynyl group formally corresponds to an alkyne with one C—H bond replaced by the point of attachment of the alkyl group to the remainder of the compound. The term “C_(n-m) alkynyl” refers to an alkynyl group having n to m carbons. Example alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propyn-1-yl, propyn-2-yl and the like. In some embodiments, the alkynyl moiety contains 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms.

The term “alkylene”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a divalent alkyl linking group. An alkylene group formally corresponds to an alkane with two C—H bond replaced by points of attachment of the alkylene group to the remainder of the compound. The term “C_(n-m) alkylene” refers to an alkylene group having n to m carbon atoms. Examples of alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, ethan-1,2-diyl, propan-1,3-diyl, propan-1,2-diyl, butan-1,4-diyl, butan-1,3-diyl, butan-1,2-diyl, 2-methyl-propan-1,3-diyl and the like.

The term “heteroalkylene” refers to an alkylene group wherein one or more of the carbon atoms have been replaced by a heteroatom. The term “C_(n-m) heteroalkylene”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a heteroalkylene group containing from n to m carbon atoms. The heteroatoms may be independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. A divalent heteroatom (e.g., O or S) replaces a methylene group of the alkylene —CH₂—, and a trivalent heteroatom (e.g., N) replaces a methine group. A sulfur atom can be oxidized to a sulfoxide or sulfone group. Examples are divalent straight hydrocarbon groups consisting of methylene groups, —O— atoms and —NH— and —NMe- groups, such as, —CH₂O—, —CH₂CH₂O—, —CH₂CH₂OCH₂—. It is understood that in the compounds described herein, the number and position of heteroatoms in a heteroalkylene group is selected to provide a stable compound. Thus, a heteroalkene group typically does not contain two heteroatoms connected to each other within a chain, and typically includes at least two carbon atoms separating each heteroatom. The C_(n-m) heteroalkylene groups include C₁₋₆ heteroalkylene and C₁₋₃ heteroalkylene.

The term “alkoxy”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a group of formula —O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is as defined above. The term “C_(n-m) alkoxy” refers to an alkoxy group, the alkyl group of which has n to m carbons. Example alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy (e.g., n-propoxy and isopropoxy), t-butoxy and the like. In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

The terms “halo” or “halogen”, used alone or in combination with other terms, refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

The term “haloalkyl” as used herein refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a halogen atom. The term “C_(n-m) haloalkyl” refers to a C_(n-m) alkyl group having n to m carbon atoms and from at least one up to {2 (n to m)+1} halogen atoms, which may either be the same or different. In some embodiments, the halogen atoms are fluoro atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl group has 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Example haloalkyl groups include CF₃, C₂F₅, CHF₂, CCl₃, CHCl₂, C₂Cl₅ and the like. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl group is a fluoroalkyl group.

The term “haloalkoxy”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a group of formula —O-haloalkyl, wherein the haloalkyl group is as defined above. The term “C_(n-m) haloalkoxy” refers to a haloalkoxy group, the haloalkyl group of which has n to m carbons. Example haloalkoxy groups include trifluoromethoxy and the like. In some embodiments, the haloalkoxy group has 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

The term “amino” refers to a group of formula —NH₂.

The term “carbamyl” refers to a group of formula —C(═O)NH₂.

The term “carbonyl”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a —C(═O)— group, which also may be written as C(O).

The term “carbonyl”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a —C(═O)— group.

The term “carboxy” refers to a group of formula —C(═O)OH.

The term “oxo” refers to oxygen as a divalent substituent, forming a carbonyl group, or attached to a heteroatom forming a sulfoxide or sulfone group, or an N-oxide group.

The term “aromatic” refers to a carbocycle or heterocycle having one or more polyunsaturated rings having aromatic character (i.e., having (4n+2) delocalized 7t (pi) electrons where n is an integer).

The term “aryl,” employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings). The term “C_(n-m) aryl” refers to an aryl group having from n to m ring carbon atoms. Aryl groups include, e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl and the like. In some embodiments, aryl groups have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the aryl group is phenyl.

The term “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic heterocycle having at least one heteroatom ring member selected from sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is 5- to 10-membered C₁₋₉ heteroaryl, which is monocyclic or bicyclic and which has 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, any ring-forming N in a heteroaryl moiety can be an N-oxide. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl has 5-10 ring atoms including carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl has 5-6 ring atoms and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl has 5-6 ring atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a five-membered or six-membered heteroaryl ring. Example heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrrole, pyrazole, azolyl, oxazole, thiazole, imidazole, furan, thiophene, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzisoxazole, imidazo[1,2-b]thiazole, imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine, purine, furopyridine (e.g., furo[3,2-b]pyridine), thienopyridine (e.g. thieno[3,2-b]pyridine) or the like.

A five-membered heteroaryl ring is a heteroaryl group having five ring atoms wherein one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3 or 4) ring atoms are independently selected from N, O and S. Exemplary five-membered ring heteroaryls include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl and 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl.

A six-membered heteroaryl ring is a heteroaryl group having six ring atoms wherein one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) ring atoms are independently selected from N, O and S. Exemplary six-membered ring heteroaryls are pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl and pyridazinyl.

The term “cycloalkyl”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a non-aromatic, saturated, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring system, including cyclized alkyl and alkenyl groups. The term “C_(n-m) cycloalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl that has n to m ring member carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl groups can include mono- or polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) groups and spirocycles. Cycloalkyl groups can have 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring-forming carbons (C₃-7). In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 6 ring members, 3 to 5 ring members, or 3 to 4 ring members. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is monocyclic. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is monocyclic or bicyclic. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is a C₃₋₆ monocyclic cycloalkyl group. Ring-forming carbon atoms of a cycloalkyl group can be optionally substituted by oxo or sulfido. Cycloalkyl groups also include cycloalkylidenes. Example cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, norbornyl, norpinyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl and the like. In some embodiments, cycloalkyl is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. Also included in the definition of cycloalkyl are moieties that have one or more aromatic rings fused (i.e., having a bond in common with) to the cycloalkyl ring, e.g., benzo or thienyl derivatives of cyclopentane, cyclohexane and the like, fer example indanyl or tetrahydronaphthyl. A cycloalkyl group containing a fused aromatic ring can be attached through any ring-forming atom including a ring-forming atom of the fused aromatic ring.

The term “heterocycloalkyl”, employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to non-aromatic ring or ring system, which may optionally contain one or more alkenylene groups as part of the ring structure, which has at least one heteroatom ring member independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur oxygen and phosphorus, and which has 4-10 ring members, 4-7 ring members or 4-6 ring members. Included in heterocycloalkyl are monocyclic 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-membered heterocycloalkyl groups. Heterocycloalkyl groups can include mono- or bicyclic (e.g., having two fused or bridged rings) ring systems. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group is a monocyclic group having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. Examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, pyran, azepane, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, dihydropyran, dihydrofuran and the like. Ring-forming carbon atoms and heteroatoms of a heterocycloalkyl group can be optionally substituted by oxo or sulfido (e.g., C(═O), S(═O), C(S) or S(═O)₂, etc.) or a nitrogen atom can be quaternized. The heterocycloalkyl group can be attached through a ring-forming carbon atom or a ring-forming heteroatom. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group contains 0 to 3 double bonds. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group contains 0 to 2 double bonds. Also included in the definition of heterocycloalkyl are moieties that have one or more aromatic rings fused (i.e., having a bond in common with) to the heterocycloalkyl ring, e.g., benzo or thienyl derivatives of piperidine, morpholine, azepine, etc. A heterocycloalkyl group containing a fused aromatic ring can be attached through any ring-forming atom including a ring-forming atom of the fused aromatic ring. Examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline, dihydrobenzofuran, azetidine, azepane, diazepan (e.g., 1,4-diazepan), pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, pyran, tetrahydrofuran and di- and tetra-hydropyran.

At certain places, the definitions or embodiments refer to specific rings (e.g., an azetidine ring, a pyridine ring, etc.). Unless otherwise indicated, these rings can be attached to any ring member provided that the valency of the atom is not exceeded. For example, an azetidine ring may be attached at any position of the ring, whereas an azetidin-3-yl ring is attached at the 3-position.

A “water solubilizing group” is a moiety that has hydrophilic character sufficient to improve or increase the water-solubility of the compound in which it is included, as compared to an analogous compound that does not include the group (i.e., that has hydrogen at the position occupied by the group). The hydrophilic character can be achieved by including suitable functional groups, such as functional groups that ionize under the conditions of use to form charged moieties (e.g., carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphoric acids, amines, etc.); groups that include permanent charges (e.g., quaternary ammonium groups); and/or heteroatoms or heteroatomic groups, particularly nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Examples of functional groups that can be included in a water solubilizing group include ether groups (including alkoxy groups, such as C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups, alkoxyalkylene groups, such as C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene groups, polyether groups and cyclic ether groups such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran and dioxan), hydroxyl groups, primary, secondary, tertiary and cyclic amine groups, quaternary ammonium groups, basic hetereocyclic groups, amidine groups, guanidine groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxamide groups, sulfonic acid groups, mono-, di- and triphosphate groups, etc. Examples of cyclic amine groups include, in particular, 5 to 7-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic groups such as pyrrolidine, pyrrolidone, piperidine, morpholine, piperazine, azepane, 1,4-diazepane, and 1,4-oxazepane rings, carbohydrate groups, etc. In another specific example, in accord with the formula given above for water solubilizing groups, the water solubilizing group is an amino acid tethered from the molecule via a bond to the nitrogen of the amino acid. In a more specific example, a water solubilizing group is an alpha-amino acid or derivative thereof attached to the core molecule. In another example the water-solubilizing group is one of the aforementioned rings tethered to the parent molecule via an alkylene, alkylidene, alkylidyne linker. In a more specific embodiment, the water-solubilizing group is one of the aforementioned rings tethered to the parent molecule via a C₁₋₆ alkylene, where one or two of the alkylene carbons is, independently, replaced with one of O, S or NH, but not where any two of the aforementioned heteroatoms are contiguous in the linker. Other water solubilizing groups are well-known and include, by way of example, hydrophilic groups such as alkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups substituted with one or more of an amine, alcohol, a carboxylic acid, a phosphoric acid, a sulfoxide, a carbohydrate, a sugar alcohol, an amino acid, a thiol, a polyol, an ether, a thioether, and a quaternary amine salt.

Examples of water solubilizing groups include groups of the following formulae:

-L^(W)-OR^(aW), -L^(W)-C(O)R^(bW), -L^(W)-C(O)NR^(c)R^(dW), -L^(W)-C(O)OR^(aW), -L^(W)-OC(O)R^(bW), -L^(W)-OC(O)NR^(cW)R^(dW), -L^(W)-NR^(cW)R^(dW), -L^(W)-NR^(cW)C(O)R^(bW), -L^(W)-NR^(cW)C(O)NR^(cW)R^(dW), -LNR^(cW)C(O)OR^(aW), -L^(W)-C(═NR^(eW))NR^(cW)R^(dW), -L^(W)-NR^(cW)C(═NR^(eW))NR^(cW)R^(dW), -L^(W)-S(O)₂OR^(aW), -L^(W)-NR^(cW)S(O)₂R^(bW), -L^(cW)-S(O)₂NR^(cW)R^(dW), —P(═O)(OR^(aW))₂, —OP(═O)(OR^(aW))₂, —OP(═O)(OR^(aW))—OP(═O)(OR^(aW))₂, —OP(═O)(OR^(aW))—OP(═O)(OR^(aW))—OP(═O)(OR^(aW))₂, and -L^(W)-Cy^(W);

-   -   wherein:     -   each Cy^(W) is unsubstituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl or 4-10         membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl or 4-10         membered heterocycloalkyl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1,         2, 3, 4 or 5) substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆         alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(aW), SR^(aW),         C(O)R^(bW), C(O)NR^(cW)R^(dW), C(O)OR^(aW), OC(O)R^(bW),         OC(O)NR^(cW)R^(dW), NR^(cW)R^(dW), NR^(cW)C(O)R^(bW),         NR^(cW)C(O)NR^(cW)R^(dW), NR^(cW)C(O)OR^(aW),         C(═NR^(eW))NR^(cW)R^(dW), NR^(cW)C(═NR^(eW))NR^(cW)R^(dW),         S(O)R^(bW), S(O)₂R^(bW), NR^(cW)S(O)₂R^(bW) and         S(O)₂NR^(cW)R^(dW);     -   each -L^(W)-is a bond or a linking group selected from groups of         the formula -L^(W1)-L^(W2)-;     -   the group -L^(W1)-is attached to the core molecule and is         selected from a bond and groups of the formula —O—, —S—, —S(O)—,         —S(O)₂—, —C(O)—, —NH—, —NR^(cW), —NR^(cW)C(O)—, —C(O)NR^(cW)—,         —O(CO)—, —C(O)O—, —O(CO)NR^(cW)—, —NR^(cW)C(O)O—, —O(CO)O—, and         —NR^(cW)C(O)NR^(cW)—;

the group -L^(W2)-is selected from a bond, unsubstituted-C₁₋₁₀ alkylene-, unsubstituted-C₁₋₁₀ heteroalkylene, and —C₁₋₁₀ alkylene and —C₁₋₁₀ heteroalkylene substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents) independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(aW), SR^(aW), C(O)R^(bW), C(O)NR^(cW)R^(dW), C(O)OR^(aW), OC(O)R^(bW), OC(O)NR^(cW)R^(dW) NR^(cW)R^(dW), NR^(cW)C(O)R^(bW), NR^(cW)C(O)NR^(cW)R^(dW), NR^(cW)C(O)OR^(aW), C(═NR^(eW))NR^(cW)R^(dW), NR^(cW)C(═NR^(eW))NR^(cW)R^(dW), S(O)R^(bW), S(O)₂R^(bW), NR^(cW)S(O)₂R^(bW), S(O)₂NR^(cW)R^(dW); —P(═O)(OR^(aW))₂, —OP(═O)(OR^(aW))₂, —OP(═O)(OR^(aW))—OP(═O)(OR^(aW))₂, —OP(═O)(OR^(aW))—OP(═O)(OR^(aW))—OP(═O)(OR^(aW))₂, oxo and sulfido;

R^(aW), R^(bW), R^(cW), and R^(dW) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene, wherein said C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R^(aW), R^(bW), R^(cW), or R^(dW) are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from halo, CN, OR^(aW)*, SR^(aW)*, C(O)R^(bW)*, C(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, C(O)OR^(aW)*, OC(O)R^(bW)*, OC(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*C(O)R^(bW)*, NR^(cW)*C(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*C(O)OR^(aW)*, C(═NR^(eW)*)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*C(═NR^(eW)*)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, S(O)R^(bW)*, S(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, S(O)₂R^(bW)*, NR^(cW)*S(O)₂R^(bW)* and S(O)₂NR^(cW)*R^(dW)* and wherein said C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, forming R^(aW), R^(bW), R^(cW), or R^(dW) are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, CN, OR^(aW)*, SR^(aW)*, C(O)R^(bW)*, C(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, C(O)OR^(aW)*, OC(O)R^(bW)*, OC(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, R^(cW)*C(O)R^(bW)*, NR^(cW)*C(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*C(O)OR^(aW)*, C(═NR^(eW)*)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, R^(cW)*C(NR^(eW)*)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, S(O)R^(bW)*, S(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, S(O)₂R^(bW)*, NR^(cW)*S(O)₂R^(bW)* and S(O)₂NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*;

or R^(cW) and R^(dW), attached to the same N atom, together with the N atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group or 5-membered heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, CN, OR^(aW)*, SR^(aW)*, C(O)R^(bW)*, C(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, C(O)OR^(aW)*, OC(O)R^(bW)*, OC(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, cW*C(O)R^(bW)*, NR^(cW)*C(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*C(O)OR^(aW)*, C(═NR^(eW)*)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, NR^(cW)*C(═NR^(eW)*)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, S(O)R^(bW)*, S(O)NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*, S(O)₂R^(bW)*, NR^(eW)*S(O)₂R^(bW)*, and S(O)₂NR^(cW)*R^(dW)*;

R^(aW)*, R^(bW)*, R^(cW)* and R^(dW)* are each independently selected from H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₃ alkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ alkyl and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ alkyl, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₃ alkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₃ alkyl and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₃ alkyl forming R^(aW)*, R^(bW)*, R^(cW)* and R^(dW)* are each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy;

or R^(cW)* and R^(dW)* attached to the same N atom, together with the N atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group or 5-membered heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy;

R^(eW) and R^(eW)* are each independently selected from H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, OH, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy. Water solubilizing groups include H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, or carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.

Examples of water solubilizing groups include methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, or 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.

Further examples of water solubilizing groups (that can be used for any instance of a water solubilizing group in the compounds described herein) include the groups listed in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Water Solubilizing Group # Water Solubilizing Group 1 —OH 2 —OMe 3 —OEt 4 —OPr 5 —OiPr 6 —OcPr 7 —OcBu 8 —OcPn 9 —OcHex 10 —OCH₂CH₂OH 11 —OCH₂CH₂OMe 12 —OCH₂CH₂OEt 13 —OCH₂CH₂NH₂ 14 —OCH₂CH₂NHMe 15 —OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 16

17

18

19

20

21 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 22 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 23 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 24 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 25 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 26 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 27

28

29

30

31

32 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH 33 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe 34 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt 35 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ 36 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe 37 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 38

39

40

41

42

43 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 44 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 45 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 46 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 47 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 48 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 49

50

51

52

53

54 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH 55 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe 56 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt 57 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ 58 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe 59 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 60

61

62

63

64

65 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 66 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 67 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 68 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 69 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 70 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 71

72

73

74

75

76 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH 77 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe 78 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt 79 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ 80 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe 81 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 82

83

84

85

86

87 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 88 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 89 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 90 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 91 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 92 —OCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 93

94

95

96

97

98 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH 99 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe 100 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt 101 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ 102 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe 103 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 104

105

106

107

108

109 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 110 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 111 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 112 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 113 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 114 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 115

116

117

118

119

120 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 121 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 122 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 123 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 124 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 125 —OCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 126 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(HCH₂CH₂OH)₂ 127 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 128 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 129 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 130 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 131 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 132 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH 133 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe 134 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt 135 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ 136 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe 137 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 138

139

140

141

142

143 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 144 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 145 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 146 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 147 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 148 —OCH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 149

150

151

152

153

154 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH 155 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe 156 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt 157 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ 158 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe 159 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 160

161

162

163

164

165 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 166 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 167 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 168 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 169 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 170 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 171

172

173

174

175

176 —CH₂OH 177 —CH₂OMe 178 —CH₂OEt 179 —CH₂NH₂ 180 —CH₂NHMe 181 —CH₂NMe₂ 182

183

184

185

186

187 —CH₂CH₂OH 188 —CH₂CH₂OMe 189 —CH₂CH₂OEt 190 —CH₂CH₂NH₂ 191 —CH₂CH₂NHMe 192 —CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 193

194

195

196

197

198 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH 199 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 200 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 201 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 202 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 203 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 204

205

206

207

208

209 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH 210 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 211 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 212 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 213 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 214 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 215

216

217

218

219

220 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH 221 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe 222 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt 223 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ 224 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe 225 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 226

227

228

229

230

231 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH 232 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe 233 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt 234 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ 235 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe 236 —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 237

238

239

240

241

242 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 243 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 244 —CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 245 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH 246 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe 247 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt 248 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ 249 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe 250 —CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 251

252

253

254

255

256 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH 257 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe 258 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt 259 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ 260 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe 261 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 262

263

264

265

266

267 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH 268 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OMe 269 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OEt 270 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ 271 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NHMe 272 —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 273

274

275

276

277

278 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 279 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 280 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 281 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OH 282 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OMe 283 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂OEt 284 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ 285 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe 286 —CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 287

288

289

290

291

292 —NH 293 —NHMe 294 —NMe₂ 295 —NHEt 296 —NHPr 297 —NHiPr 298 —NHcPr 299 —NHcBu 300 —NHcPn 301 —NHcHex 302 —NHCH₂CH₂OH 303 —NHCH₂CH₂OMe 304 —NHCH₂CH₂OEt 305 —NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ 306 —NHCH₂CH₂NHMe 307 —NHCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 308

309

310

311

312

313 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 314 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 315 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 316 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 317 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 318 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 319

320

321

322

323

324 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH 325 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe 326 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt 327 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ 328 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe 329 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 330 —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 331 —N(CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 332 —N(CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 333 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 334 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 335 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 336 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂ 337 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe)₂ 338 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂)₂ 339

340

341

342

343

344 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH)₂ 345 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe)₂ 346 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt)₂ 347 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂)₂ 348 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe)₂ 349 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂)₂ 350 —NMeCH₂CH₂OH 351 —NMeCH₂CH₂OMe 352 —NMeCH₂CH₂OEt 353 —NMeCH₂CH₂NH₂ 354 —NMeCH₂CH₂NHMe 355 —NMeCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 356

357

358

359

360

361 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OH 362 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OMe 363 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OEt 364 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 365 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NHMe 366 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂ 367

368

369

370

371

372 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH 373 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe 374 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OEt 375 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NH₂ 376 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NHMe 377 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂NMe₂ 378 —O(C═O)OMe 379 —O(C═O)OEt 380 —O(C═O)OnPr 381 —O(C═O)OiPr 382 —O(C═O)OcPr 383 —O(C═O)OcBu 384 —O(C═O)OcPn 385 —O(C═O)OcHex 386 —COOH 387 —CH₂(C═O)OH 388 —CH₂(C═O)OMe 389 —CH₂(C═O)OEt 390 —CH₂(C═O)OnPr 391 —CH₂(C═O)OiPr 392 —CH₂(C═O)OcPr 393 —CH₂(C═O)OcBu 394 —CH₂(C═O)OcPn 395 —CH₂(C═O)OcHex 396 —OCH₂(C═O)OH 397 —OCH₂(C═O)OMe 398 —OCH₂(C═O)OEt 399 —OCH₂(C═O)OnPr 400 —OCH₂(C═O)OiPr 401 —OCH₂(C═O)OcPr 402 —OCH₂(C═O)OcBu 403 —OCH₂(C═O)OcPn 404 —OCH₂(C═O)OcHex 405 —OCH₂(C═O)OH 406 —OCH₂(C═O)OMe 407 —OCH₂(C═O)OEt 408 —OCH₂(C═O)OnPr 409 —OCH₂(C═O)OiPr 410 —OCH₂(C═O)OcPr 411 —OCH₂(C═O)OcBu 412 —OCH₂(C═O)OcPn 413 —OCH₂(C═O)OcHex 414 —NHCH₂(C═O)OH 415 —NHCH₂(C═O)OMe 416 —NHCH₂(C═O)OEt 417 —NHCH₂(C═O)OnPr 418 —NHCH₂(C═O)OiPr 419 —NHCH₂(C═O)OcPr 420 —NHCH₂(C═O)OcBu 421 —NHCH₂(C═O)OcPn 422 —NHCH₂(C═O)OcHex 423 —NMeCH₂(C═O)OH 424 —NH(CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 425 —CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 426 —CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 427 —OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 428 —CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 429 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 430 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 431 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 432 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 433 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 434 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 435 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 436 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 437 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 438 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 439 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 440 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 441 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 442 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 443 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 444 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 445 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 446 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 447 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 448 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 449 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 450 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 451 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 452 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 453 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 454 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 455 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 456 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 457 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 458 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH 459 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂C(O)OH 460 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 461 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 462 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 463 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 464 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(CO)OH 465 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 466 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 467 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 468 —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 469 —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 470 —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 471 —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 472 —NHCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 473 —NMeCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 474 —N(CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 475 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 476 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 477 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 478 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 479 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 480 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 481 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 482 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 483 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 484 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 485 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 486 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 487 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 488 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 489 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 490 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 491 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 492 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 493 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 494 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 495 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 496 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 497 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH 498 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 499 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 500 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH 501 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂(C═O)OH)₂ 502 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H 503 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H 504 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂H)₂ 505 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H 506 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H 507 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ 508 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H 509 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H 510 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ 511 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H 512 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H 513 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ 514 —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H 515 —NMeCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H 516 —N(CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂ 517 —NHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H 518 —NMeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H 519 —N(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂H)₂

For each of the groups depicted above in Table 2 that is a carboxylic acid, the compounds ester derivatives are also provided. The ester can be, e.g., a methyl ester, an ethyl ester, an n-propyl ester, an isopropyl ester, a cyclopropyl ester, an n-butyl ester, a s-butyl ester, an isobutyl ester, or a t-buyl ester, a cyclobutyl ester, a pentyl ester (e.g., an n-pentyl ester), a cyclopentyl ester, or a hexyl ester (e.g., a n-hexyl ester) or a cyclohexyl ester.

The compounds described herein can be asymmetric (e.g., having one or more stereocenters). All stereoisomers, such as enantiomers and diastereoisomers, are intended unless otherwise indicated. Compounds of the present invention that contain asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms can be isolated in optically active or racemic forms. Methods on how to prepare optically active forms from optically inactive starting materials are known in the art, such as by resolution of racemic mixtures or by stereoselective synthesis. Many geometric isomers of olefins, C═N double bonds and the like can also be present in the compounds described herein, and all such stable isomers are contemplated in the present invention. Cis and trans geometric isomers of the compounds of the present invention are described and may be isolated as a mixture of isomers or as separated isomeric forms.

Resolution of racemic mixtures of compounds can be carried out by any of numerous methods known in the art. One method includes fractional recrystallization using a chiral resolving acid which is an optically active, salt-forming organic acid. Suitable resolving agents for fractional recrystallization methods are, e.g., optically active acids, such as the D and L forms of tartaric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, lactic acid or the various optically active camphorsulfonic acids such as β-camphorsulfonic acid. Other resolving agents suitable for fractional crystallization methods include stereoisomerically pure forms of α-methylbenzylamine (e.g., S and R forms, or diastereoisomerically pure forms), 2-phenylglycinol, norephedrine, ephedrine, N-methylephedrine, cyclohexylethylamine, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane and the like.

Resolution of racemic mixtures can also be carried out by elution on a column packed with an optically active resolving agent (e.g., dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine). Suitable elution solvent composition can be determined by one skilled in the art.

In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention have the (R)-configuration. In other embodiments, the compounds have the (S)-configuration. In compounds with more than one chiral centers, each of the chiral centers in the compound may be independently (R) or (S), unless otherwise indicated.

Compounds of the invention also include tautomeric forms. Tautomeric forms result from the swapping of a single bond with an adjacent double bond together with the concomitant migration of a proton. Tautomeric forms include prototropic tautomers which are isomeric protonation states having the same empirical formula and total charge. Example prototropic tautomers include ketone-enol pairs, amide-imidic acid pairs, lactam-lactim pairs, enamine-imine pairs, and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system, e.g., 1H- and 3H-imidazole, 1H-, 2H- and 4H-1,2,4-triazole, 1H- and 2H-isoindole and 1H- and 2H-pyrazole. Tautomeric forms can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution.

Compounds of the invention can also include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the intermediates or final compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.

The term, “compound,” as used herein is meant to include all stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers and isotopes of the structures depicted.

All compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, can be found together with other substances such as water and solvents (e.g., hydrates and solvates) or can be isolated. When in the solid state, the compounds described herein and salts thereof may occur in various forms and may, e.g., take the form of solvates, including hydrates. The compounds may be in any solid state form, such as a polymorph or solvate, so unless clearly indicated otherwise, reference in the specification to compounds and salts thereof should be understood as encompassing any solid state form of the compound.

In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention, or salts thereof, are substantially isolated. By “substantially isolated” is meant that the compound is at least partially or substantially separated from the environment in which it was formed or detected. Partial separation can include, e.g., a composition enriched in the compounds of the invention. Substantial separation can include compositions containing at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 97%, or at least about 99% by weight of the compounds of the invention, or salt thereof. The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

The expressions, “ambient temperature” and “room temperature,” as used herein, are understood in the art, and refer generally to a temperature, e.g., a reaction temperature, that is about the temperature of the room in which the reaction is carried out, e.g., a temperature from about 20° C. to about 30° C.

The present invention also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention include the non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol or butanol) or acetonitrile (MeCN) are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17^(th) Ed., (Mack Publishing Company, Easton, 1985), p. 1418, Berge et al., J Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66(1), 1-19 and in Stahl et al., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, (Wiley, 2002). In some embodiments, the compounds described herein include the N-oxide forms.

The following abbreviations may be used herein: AcOH (acetic acid); Ac₂O (acetic anhydride); Al₂O₃(aluminium oxide); aq. (aqueous); atm. (atmosphere(s)); Boc (t-butoxycarbonyl); Boc₂O (di-tert-butyldicarbonate); BOP ((benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate); br (broad); cBu (cyclobutyl); cHex (cyclohexyl); cPn (cyclopentyl); cPr (cyclopropyl); Cbz (carboxybenzyl); calc. (calculated); CeCl₃*7H₂O (cerium (III) chloride heptahydrate); Cs₂CO₃ (cesium carbonate); CuI (copper (I) iodide); d (doublet); dd (doublet of doublets); DCM (dichloromethane); DIPEA (N,N-diisopropylethylamine); DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine); DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide); DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide); EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid); Et (ethyl); EtOAc (ethyl acetate); EtOH (ethanol); Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethylmethoxycarbonyl); g (gram(s)); h (hour(s)); H₂ (hydrogen gas); H₂O₂(hydrogen peroxide); HATU (N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)uronium hexafluorophosphate); HBr (hydrogen bromide); HCl (hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride); HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography); HPP (4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid); Hz (hertz); iPr (isopropyl); iPrOH (isopropyl alcohol); J (coupling constant); Ki (inhibition constant); KOAc (potassium acetate); K₃PO₄ (potassium phosphate); K₃PO₄.H₂O (tripotassium phosphate hydrate); LCMS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry); LiAlH₄ (lithium tetrahydroaluminate); LiBH₄ (lithium tetrahydroborate); LiOH (lithium hydroxide); LiOH.H₂O (lithium hydroxide monohydrate); m (multiplet); M (molar); mCPBA (m-chloroperbenzoic acid); Me (methyl); MeCN (acetonitrile); MeOH (methanol); MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor); rhMIF (recombinant human MIF); mgSO₄ (magnesium sulfate); MS (mass spectrometry); mg (milligram(s)); min. (minutes(s)); mL (milliliter(s)); mmol (millimole(s)); N (normal); N₂ (nitrogen gas); NaHCO₃ (sodium bicarbonate); NalO₄ (sodium metaperiodate); NaN₃ (sodium azide); NaOH (sodium hydroxide); Na₂SO₄ (sodium sulfate); nBu (n-butyl); nBuLi (n-butyllithium); NH₄Cl (ammonium chloride); NH₄OH (ammonium hydroxide); nM (nanomolar); NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy); nPn (n-pentyl); nPr (n-propyl); Pd (palladium); Pd(dppf)Cl₂ ([1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride); Pd(OAc)₂ (palladium acetate); Pd(tBu₃P)₂ (bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium); pM (picomolar); Pd(PPh₃)₄ (tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)); PPh₃ (triphenylphosphine); psi (pounds per square inch); PPTS (pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate); PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene); RP-HPLC (reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography); s (singlet); t (triplet or tertiary); tert (tertiary); tt (triplet of triplets); TBAF (tetra-n-butylammoniumfluoride); t-Bu (tert-butyl); TEA (triethylamine); TFA (trifluoroacetic acid); THF (tetrahydrofuran); g (microgram(s)); L (microliter(s)); m (micromolar); wt % (weight percent).

II. Synthesis

Compounds of the invention, including salts thereof, can be prepared using known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any of numerous possible synthetic routes, such as those in the Schemes below.

The reactions for preparing compounds of the invention can be carried out in suitable solvents which can be readily selected by one of skill in the art of organic synthesis. Suitable solvents can be substantially non-reactive with the starting materials (reactants), the intermediates or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, e.g., temperatures which can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature. A given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent. Depending on the particular reaction step, suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected by the skilled artisan.

Preparation of compounds of the invention can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups. The need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups, can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. The chemistry of protecting groups is described, e.g., in Kocienski, Protecting Groups, (Thieme, 2007); Robertson, Protecting Group Chemistry, (Oxford University Press, 2000); Smith et al., March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 6^(th) Ed. (Wiley, 2007); Peturssion et al., “Protecting Groups in Carbohydrate Chemistry,” J. Chem. Educ., 1997, 74(11), 1297; and Wuts et al., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4th Ed., (Wiley, 2006).

Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art. For example, product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., ¹H or ¹³C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), mass spectrometry or by chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin layer chromatography (TLC).

The Schemes below provide general guidance in connection with preparing the compounds of the invention. One skilled in the art would understand that the preparations shown in the Schemes can be modified or optimized using general knowledge of organic chemistry to prepare various compounds of the invention.

Compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared, e.g., using a process as illustrated in Scheme 1. For example, compound (i) (wherein X¹ is halo, e.g, chloro, bromo, iodo) is reacted with an appropriately substituted alkynylene (e.g., 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol or ethynyltrimethylsilane to form the protected alkyne (ii), wherein R is an alkyne protecting group (e.g., i-propyl or trimethylsilyl), which is subsequently deprotected using standard alkyne deprotection conditions (e.g., reaction of compound (iii) in the presence of a base). Lastly, compound (iii) is reacted with an appropriately substituted phenyl group and an alkali metal azide (e.g., sodium azide) in the presence of base (e.g., trans-N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine) and a copper catalyst (e.g., copper iodide) to form the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition compound of Formula (I).

The compounds of Formula (I) can also be prepared as shown in Scheme 2.

For example, reaction of 4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde and ethyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate under standard Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons conditions forms (E)-ethyl 3-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)acrylate, which is subsequently cyclized in the presence of acetic acid and an iron catalyst to form 7-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one. Reaction of 7-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one with phosphorylchloride forms the corresponding 2-chloroquinoline adduct, which is then reacted with boron tribromide to form 2-chloroquinolin-7-ol. After formation of 4-(2-(2-((2-chloroquinolin-7-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (see e.g., Intermediate 10), the compound of Formula (I) may be prepared according to the procedure described in Scheme 1.

The compounds of Formula (I) can also be prepared as shown in Scheme 3.

For example, 4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde is treated with methyl iodide in the presence of a base (e.g., K₂CO₃) to afford 5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Acetal protection of the aldehyde group and subsequently hydrogenation of the nitro affords 2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-4-methoxyaniline. Esterification of the amine in the presence of base (e.g., triethylamine) and deprotection of the aldehyde under standard deprotection conditions (e.g., reaction in the presence of a strong acid) affords ethyl (2-formyl-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate. Cyclization, chlorination, and demethylation as described herein in Scheme 2 affords 2-chloroquinazolin-6-ol, which is then reacted with 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane in the presence of a base (e.g., K₂CO₃) to afford 2-chloro-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazoline. The compound of Formula (I) (e.g., 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol) is then prepared from 2-chloro-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazoline using the procedure described herein in Scheme 1.

For the synthesis of particular compounds, the general schemes described above can be modified. For example, the products or intermediates can be modified to introduce particular functional groups. Alternatively, the substituents can be modified at any step of the overall synthesis by methods know to one skilled in the art, e.g., as described by Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations (Wiley, 1999); and Katritzky et al. (Ed.), Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations (Pergamon Press 1996).

Starting materials, reagents and intermediates whose synthesis is not described herein are either commercially available, known in the literature, or may be prepared by methods known to one skilled in the art.

It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the processes described are not the exclusive means by which compounds of the invention may be synthesized and that a broad repertoire of synthetic organic reactions is available to be potentially employed in synthesizing compounds of the invention. The person skilled in the art knows how to select and implement appropriate synthetic routes. Suitable synthetic methods of starting materials, intermediates and products may be identified by reference to the literature, including reference sources such as: Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vols. 1-107 (Elsevier, 1963-2012); Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry Vols. 1-49 (Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1964-2012); Carreira, et al. (Ed.) Science of Synthesis, Vols. 1-48 (2001-2010) and Knowledge Updates KU2010/1-4; 2011/1-4; 2012/1-2 (Thieme, 2001-2012); Katritzky, et al. (Ed.) Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations, (Pergamon Press, 1996); Katritzky et al. (Ed.); Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations II (Elsevier, 2^(nd) Edition, 2004); Katritzky et al. (Ed.), Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (Pergamon Press, 1984); Katritzky et al., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, (Pergamon Press, 1996); Smith et al., March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 6^(th) Ed. (Wiley, 2007); Trost et al. (Ed.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis (Pergamon Press, 1991).

III. Uses of the Compounds

Compounds of the invention can inhibit the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and, thus, are useful in treating diseases and disorders associated with activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. For the uses described herein, any of the compounds of the invention, including any of the embodiments thereof, may be used.

The compounds of the invention are useful for inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity in a subject, e.g. a mammal, such as a human. Methods of using the compounds can comprise administering any of the compounds of the invention to a subject in an amount effective to inhibit MIF activity in the mammal.

The compounds of the invention are useful for treating or for the prophylaxis of inflammation in a subject. The compounds can be administered to a subject that has or is at risk for a condition that comprises an inflammatory cytokine cascade that is at least partially mediated by an MIF. Thus the compounds of the invention are useful for treating diseases involving inflammation, for example, proliferative vascular disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine-mediated toxicity, psoriasis, interleukin-2 toxicity, appendicitis, peptic, gastric and duodenal ulcers, peritonitis, pancreatitis, ulcerative, pseudomembranous, acute and ischemic colitis, diverticulitis, epiglottitis, achalasia, cholangitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, enteritis, Whipple's disease, asthma, allergy, anaphylactic shock, immune complex disease, organ ischemia, reperfusion injury, organ necrosis, hay fever, sepsis, septicemia, endotoxic shock, cachexia, hyperpyrexia, eosinophilic granuloma, granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, septic abortion, epididymitis, vaginitis, prostatitis, urethritis, bronchitis, emphysema, rhinitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonitis, alvealitis, bronchiolitis, pharyngitis, pleurisy, sinusitis, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus infection, herpes infection, HIV infection, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, disseminated bacteremia, Dengue fever, candidiasis, malaria, filariasis, amebiasis, hydatid cysts, burns, dermatitis, dermatomyositis, sunburn, urticaria, warts, wheals, vasulitis, angiitis, endocarditis, arteritis, atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, pericarditis, myocarditis, myocardial ischemia, periarteritis nodosa, rheumatic fever, Alzheimer's disease, coeliac disease, congestive heart failure, meningitis, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, Guillame-Barre syndrome, neuritis, neuralgia, spinal cord injury, paralysis, uveitis, arthritides, arthralgias, osteomyelitis, fasciitis, Paget's disease, gout, periodontal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis, myasthenia gravis, thryoiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture's syndrome, Behcets's syndrome, allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, ankylosing spondylitis, Berger's disease, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, Berger's disease, Retier's syndrome, or Hodgkins disease. A preferred such condition is sepsis, septicemia, and/or endotoxic shock.

MIF has been shown to play an important role in autoimmune disease. The compounds of the invention would therefore be useful in treatment of autoimmune disease. Non-limiting examples of such autoimmune diseases are multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, graft versus host disease, autoimmune pulmonary inflammation, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, scleroderma, psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome and autoimmune inflammatory eye disease.

MIF also is known to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. The compounds of the invention be useful for treatment of a mammal that has a tumor or for the treatment of cancer. Examples of cancers that can be treated include solid tumors, e.g., prostate cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, renal cancer, hepatic cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, cancers of the head or neck, thyroid cancer, glioblastoma, sarcoma, bladder cancer, etc. Diseases that can be treated with the compounds of the invention also include hematological cancers, e.g., lymphoma, leukemia such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma, refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma and recurrent follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma), Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

Compounds of the invention can be used to treat diseases associated with high MIF expression. Diseases associated with high MIF expression include diseases caused by infection by a protozoan (for example malaria) fungus, bacteria and viruses, including flavivirus, such as West Nile, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, St Louis encephalitis, or equine encepahalitis viruses; anemia of chronic disease; asthma and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Compounds of the invention can be used for treating anemia of chronic disease. In certain embodiment, the subject has or is at risk of developing anemia of chronic disease. In some embodiments, the subject has anemia of chronic disease and the subject is not responsive to erythropoietin (EPO) prior to the administration of the MIF antagonist. In some embodiments, the subject is has a genotype that is associated with high MIF expression. In some embodiments, the subject is Caucasian. Anemia of chronic disease may result from, among other conditions, pathogenic infection (e.g., a malaria infection), cancer, autoimmune diseases or disorders (lupus erythematosis, arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, kidney diseases or disorders, organ transplant rejection and aging. The compounds of the invention can treat anemia of chronic disease regardless of its cause.

The compounds of the invention can also be used for treating or for the prophylaxis of malaria. In some embodiments, the subject has malaria or is at risk of developing malaria. In some embodiments, the subject is has a genotype that is associated with high MIF expression. In one embodiment, the subject is Caucasian.

The compounds of the invention can also be used for treating or for the prophylaxis or treatment of sepsis, septicemia, and/or endotoxic shock. The methods comprise administering the above pharmaceutical composition to the mammal in an amount effective to treat the sepsis, septicemia and/or endotoxic shock.

The terms “subject”, “individual” or “patient,” used interchangeably, refer to any animal, including mammals, preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, and most preferably humans.

The phrase “therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.

The term “treating” or “treatment” refers to one or more of (1) inhibiting the disease; e.g., inhibiting a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology); and (2) ameliorating the disease; e.g., ameliorating a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology) such as decreasing the severity of disease. In one embodiment, treating or treatment includes preventing or reducing the risk of developing the disease; e.g., preventing or reducing the risk of developing a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who may be predisposed to the disease, condition or disorder but does not yet experience or display the pathology or symptomatology of the disease.

Combination Therapies

The compounds of the invention can be used in combination treatments where the compound of the invention is administered in conjunction with other treatment such as the administration of one or more additional therapeutic agents. The additional therapeutic agents are typically those which are normally used to treat the particular condition to be treated. The additional therapeutic agents can include, e.g., chemotherapeutics, anti-inflammatory agents, steroids, immunosuppressants, for the treatment of MIF-associated diseases, disorders or conditions. The one or more additional pharmaceutical agents can be administered to a patient simultaneously or sequentially.

For treating cancer and other proliferative diseases, the compounds of the invention can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, or other anti-proliferative agents. The compounds of the invention can also be used in combination with medical therapy such as surgery or radiotherapy, e.g., gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes. Examples of suitable chemotherapeutic agents include any of: abarelix, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, allopurinol, altretamine, anastrozole, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, azacitidine, bevacizumab, bexarotene, bleomycin, bortezombi, bortezomib, busulfan intravenous, busulfan oral, calusterone, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, cetuximab, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, dalteparin sodium, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine, denileukin, denileukin diftitox, dexrazoxane, docetaxel, doxorubicin, dromostanolone propionate, eculizumab, epirubicin, erlotinib, estramustine, etoposide phosphate, etoposide, exemestane, filgrastim, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, fulvestrant, gefitinib, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, goserelin acetate, histrelin acetate, ibritumomab tiuxetan, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imatinib mesylate, interferon alfa 2a, irinotecan, lapatinib ditosylate, lenalidomide, letrozole, leucovorin, leuprolide acetate, levamisole, lomustine, meclorethamine, megestrol acetate, melphalan, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, methoxsalen, mitomycin C, mitotane, mitoxantrone, nandrolone phenpropionate, nelarabine, nofetumomab, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pamidronate, panitumumab, pegaspargase, pegfilgrastim, pemetrexed disodium, pentostatin, pipobroman, plicamycin, procarbazine, quinacrine, rasburicase, rituximab, ruxolitinib, sorafenib, streptozocin, sunitinib, sunitinib maleate, tamoxifen, temozolomide, teniposide, testolactone, thalidomide, thioguanine, thiotepa, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab, trastuzumab, tretinoin, uracil mustard, valrubicin, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vorinostat, and z For treating autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, the compound of Formula (I) can be administered in combination with a corticosteroid such as triamcinolone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone, cortisone, prednisolone, or flumetholone.

For treating autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, the compound of the invention can be administered in combination with an immune suppressant such as fluocinolone acetonide (Retisert®), rimexolone (AL-2178, Vexol, Alcon), or cyclosporine (Restasis®).

For treating autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, the compound of the invention can be administered in combination with one or more additional agents selected from Dehydrex™ (Holles Labs), Civamide (Opko), sodium hyaluronate (Vismed, Lantibio/TRB Chemedia), cyclosporine (ST-603, Sirion Therapeutics), ARG101(T) (testosterone, Argentis), AGR1012(P) (Argentis), ecabet sodium (Senju-Ista), gefarnate (Santen), 15-(s)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE), cevilemine, doxycycline (ALTY-0501, Alacrity), minocycline, iDestrin™ (NP50301, Nascent Pharmaceuticals), cyclosporine A (Nova22007, Novagali), oxytetracycline (Duramycin, MOLI 1901, Lantibio), CF 101 (2S,3 S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[6-[(3-iodophenyl)methylamino]purin-9-yl]-N-methyl-oxolane-2-carbamyl, Can-Fite Biopharma), voclosporin (LX212 or LX214, Lux Biosciences), ARG103 (Agentis), RX-10045 (synthetic resolvin analog, Resolvyx), DYN15 (Dyanmis Therapeutics), rivoglitazone (DE011, Daiichi Sanko), TB4 (RegeneRx), OPH-01 (Ophtalmis Monaco), PCS101 (Pericor Science), REV1-31 (Evolutec), Lacritin (Senju), rebamipide (Otsuka-Novartis), OT-551 (Othera), PAI-2 (University of Pennsylvania and Temple University), pilocarpine, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus (AMS981, Novartis), loteprednol etabonate, rituximab, diquafosol tetrasodium (INS365, Inspire), KLS-0611 (Kissei Pharmaceuticals), dehydroepiandrosterone, anakinra, efalizumab, mycophenolate sodium, etanercept (Embrel®), hydroxychloroquine, NGX267 (TorreyPines Therapeutics), or thalidomide.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) can be administered in combination with one or more agents selected from an antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory agents including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and anti-allergic agents. Examples of suitable medicaments include aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, netilmycin, and kanamycin; fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, and enoxacin; naphthyridine; sulfonamides; polymyxin; chloramphenicol; neomycin; paramomycin; colistimethate; bacitracin; vancomycin; tetracyclines; rifampin and its derivatives (“rifampins”); cycloserine; beta-lactams; cephalosporins; amphotericins; fluconazole; flucytosine; natamycin; miconazole; ketoconazole; corticosteroids; diclofenac; flurbiprofen; ketorolac; suprofen; cromolyn; lodoxamide; levocabastin; naphazoline; antazoline; pheniramine; or azalide antibiotic.

Other examples of agents, one or more of which a compound of Formula (I) may also be combined with include: a treatment for Alzheimer's Disease such as donepezil and rivastigmine; a treatment for Parkinson's Disease such as L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone, ropinirole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexyphenidyl, and amantadine; an agent for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) such as beta interferon (e.g., Avonex® and Rebif®), glatiramer acetate, and mitoxantrone; a treatment for asthma such as albuterol and montelukast; an agent for treating schizophrenia such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel, and haloperidol; an anti-inflammatory agent such as a corticosteroid, such as dexamethasone or prednisone, a TNF blocker, IL-1 RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine; an immunomodulatory agent, including immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, an interferon, a corticosteroid, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine; a neurotrophic factor such as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, an MAO inhibitor, an interferon, an anti-convulsant, an ion channel blocker, riluzole, or an anti-Parkinson's agent; an agent for treating cardiovascular disease such as a beta-blocker, an ACE inhibitor, a diuretic, a nitrate, a calcium channel blocker, or a statin; an agent for treating liver disease such as a corticosteroid, cholestyramine, an interferon, and an anti-viral agent; an agent for treating blood disorders such as a corticosteroid, an anti-leukemic agent, or a growth factor; or an agent for treating immunodeficiency disorders such as gamma globulin.

For the prophylaxis or treatment of anemia of chromic disease comprising, the compounds of the invention can be used in combination with one or more other agents that stimulate erythropoiesis such as erythropoietin (“EPO”), iron, folate, vitamin B12, blood, blood substitute, and plasma or serum that contains a composition with the activity of blood. In a specific embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating anemia of chromic disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a MIF antagonist in combination with EPO. In other embodiments, the MIF antagonist can be administered in combination with a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) antagonist or an interferon (IFN) antagonist (e.g., an IFNγ antagonist) to a subject. Examples of TNFα and IFNγ antagonists include, without limitation, anti-TNF, soluble TNF receptor, anti-IFNγ, soluble IFNγ receptor, p38 MAPK inhibitors, and JAK-STAT inhibitors.

For the treatment or prophylaxis of malaria, the compounds of the invention can be administered in combination with one or more antimalarial agents. Examples of antimalarial agents include amodiaquine; artemesinin; arteether; artemether; artesunate; atovaquone; bulaquine; chloroquine; clindamycin; dihydroartemesinin; doxycycline; halofantrine; mefloquine; mepacrine; primaquine; proguanil; pyrimethamine; sulfadoxine; sulfamethoxypyridazine; quinine; quinimax; and quinidine.

IV. Formulation, Dosage Forms and Administration

When employed as pharmaceuticals, the compounds of the invention can be administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions. Thus the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or any of the embodiments thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. These compositions can be prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art, and can be administered by a variety of routes, depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is indicated and upon the area to be treated. Administration may be topical (including transdermal, epidermal, ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including intranasal, vaginal and rectal delivery), pulmonary (e.g., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer; intratracheal or intranasal), oral or parenteral. Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal intramuscular or injection or infusion; or intracranial, e.g., intrathecal or intraventricular, administration. Parenteral administration can be in the form of a single bolus dose, or may be, e.g., by a continuous perfusion pump. Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and powders. Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or oily bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or desirable.

This invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions which contain, as the active ingredient, the compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (excipients). In some embodiments, the composition is suitable for topical administration. In making the compositions of the invention, the active ingredient is typically mixed with an excipient, diluted by an excipient or enclosed within such a carrier in the form of, e.g., a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container. When the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, e.g., up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.

In preparing a formulation, the active compound can be milled to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially insoluble, it can be milled to a particle size of less than 200 mesh. If the active compound is substantially water soluble, the particle size can be adjusted by milling to provide a substantially uniform distribution in the formulation, e.g., about 40 mesh.

The compounds of the invention may be milled using known milling procedures such as wet milling to obtain a particle size appropriate for tablet formation and for other formulation types. Finely divided (nanoparticulate) preparations of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by processes known in the art see, e.g., WO 2002/000196.

Some examples of suitable excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup and methyl cellulose. The formulations can additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl- and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents. The compositions of the invention can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures known in the art.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC) and at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the silicified microcrystalline cellulose comprises about 98% microcrystalline cellulose and about 2% silicon dioxide w/w. In some embodiments, the composition is a sustained release composition comprising at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one component selected from microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyethylene oxide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate and polyethylene oxide. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises magnesium stearate or silicon dioxide. In some embodiments, the microcrystalline cellulose is Avicel PH102™. In some embodiments, the lactose monohydrate is Fast-flo 316™. In some embodiments, the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2208 K4M (e.g., Methocel K4 M Premier™) and/or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2208 K100LV (e.g., Methocel KOOLV™). In some embodiments, the polyethylene oxide is polyethylene oxide WSR 1105 (e.g., Polyox WSR 1105™).

In some embodiments, a wet granulation process is used to produce the composition. In some embodiments, a dry granulation process is used to produce the composition.

The compositions can be formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from about 5 to about 1,000 mg (1 g), more usually about 100 mg to about 500 mg, of the active ingredient. In some embodiments, each dosage contains about 10 mg of the active ingredient. In some embodiments, each dosage contains about 50 mg of the active ingredient. In some embodiments, each dosage contains about 25 mg of the active ingredient. The term “unit dosage forms” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.

The components used to formulate the pharmaceutical compositions are of high purity and are substantially free of potentially harmful contaminants (e.g., at least National Food grade, generally at least analytical grade, and more typically at least pharmaceutical grade). Particularly for human consumption, the composition is preferably manufactured or formulated under Good Manufacturing Practice standards as defined in the applicable regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. For example, suitable formulations may be sterile and/or substantially isotonic and/or in full compliance with all Good Manufacturing Practice regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The active compound may be effective over a wide dosage range and is generally administered in a therapeutically effective amount. It will be understood, however, that the amount of the compound actually administered will usually be determined by a physician, according to the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms and the like.

The therapeutic dosage of a compound of the present invention can vary according to, e.g., the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the judgment of the prescribing physician. The proportion or concentration of a compound of the invention in a pharmaceutical composition can vary depending upon a number of factors including dosage, chemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity), and the route of administration. For example, the compounds of the invention can be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0.1 to about 10% w/v of the compound for parenteral administration. Some typical dose ranges are from about 1 μg/kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day. In some embodiments, the dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day. The dosage is likely to depend on such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected, formulation of the excipient, and its route of administration. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.

For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention. When referring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, the active ingredient is typically dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition can be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules. This solid preformulation is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from, e.g., about 0.1 to about 1000 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention.

The tablets or pills of the present invention can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former. The two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A variety of materials can be used for such enteric layers or coatings, such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate.

The liquid forms in which the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.

Compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders. The liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra. In some embodiments, the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect. Compositions can be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be breathed directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device can be attached to a face mask, tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions can be administered orally or nasally from devices which deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.

Topical formulations can contain one or more conventional carriers. In some embodiments, ointments can contain water and one or more hydrophobic carriers selected from, e.g., liquid paraffin, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, propylene glycol, white Vaseline, and the like. Carrier compositions of creams can be based on water in combination with glycerol and one or more other components, e.g., glycerinemonostearate, PEG-glycerinemonostearate and cetylstearyl alcohol. Gels can be formulated using isopropyl alcohol and water, suitably in combination with other components such as, e.g., glycerol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and the like. In some embodiments, topical formulations contain at least about 0.1, at least about 0.25, at least about 0.5, at least about 1, at least about 2 or at least about 5 wt % of the compound of the invention. The topical formulations can be suitably packaged in tubes of, e.g., 100 g which are optionally associated with instructions for the treatment of the select indication, e.g., psoriasis or other skin condition.

The amount of compound or composition administered to a patient will vary depending upon what is being administered, the purpose of the administration, such as prophylaxis or therapy, the state of the patient, the manner of administration and the like. In therapeutic applications, compositions can be administered to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest the symptoms of the disease and its complications. Effective doses will depend on the disease condition being treated as well as by the judgment of the attending clinician depending upon factors such as the severity of the disease, the age, weight and general condition of the patient and the like.

The compositions administered to a patient can be in the form of pharmaceutical compositions described above. These compositions can be sterilized by conventional sterilization techniques, or may be sterile filtered. Aqueous solutions can be packaged for use as is, or lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with a sterile aqueous carrier prior to administration. The pH of the compound preparations typically will be between 3 and 11, more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers or stabilizers will result in the formation of pharmaceutical salts.

The therapeutic dosage of a compound of the present invention can vary according to, e.g., the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the judgment of the prescribing physician. The proportion or concentration of a compound of the invention in a pharmaceutical composition can vary depending upon a number of factors including dosage, chemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity), and the route of administration. For example, the compounds of the invention can be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0.1 to about 10% w/v of the compound for parenteral administration. Some typical dose ranges are from about 1 pg/kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day. In some embodiments, the dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day. The dosage is likely to depend on such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected, formulation of the excipient, and its route of administration. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.

V. Labeled Compounds and Assay Methods

The compounds of the invention can further be useful in investigations of biological processes, in normal and abnormal tissues. Thus, another aspect of the present invention relates to labeled compounds of the invention (radio-labeled, fluorescent-labeled, etc.) that would be useful not only in imaging techniques but also in assays, both in vitro and in vivo, for localizing and quantitating macrophage migration inhibitory factor in tissue samples, including human, and for identifying macrophage migration inhibitory factor ligands by inhibition binding of a labeled compound. Accordingly, the present invention includes macrophage migration inhibitory factor assays that contain such labeled compounds.

The present invention further includes isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention. An “isotopically” or “radio-labeled” compound is a compound of the invention where one or more atoms are replaced or substituted by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number typically found in nature (i.e., naturally occurring). Suitable radionuclides that may be incorporated in compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to ³H (also written as T for tritium), C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ¹⁸F, ³⁵S, ³⁶Cl, ⁸²Br, ⁷⁵Br, ⁷⁶Br, ⁷⁷Br, ¹²³I, ¹²⁴I, ¹²⁵I and ¹³¹I. The radionuclide that is incorporated in the instant radio-labeled compounds will depend on the specific application of that radio-labeled compound. For example, for in vitro macrophage migration inhibitory factor labeling and competition assays, compounds that incorporate ³H, ¹⁴C, ⁸²Br, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I, ³⁵S or will generally be most useful. For radio-imaging applications C, F, ¹²⁵I, ¹²³I, ¹²⁴I, ¹³¹I, ⁷⁵Br, ⁷⁶Br or ⁷⁷Br will generally be most useful.

It is to be understood that a “radio-labeled” or “labeled compound” is a compound that has incorporated at least one radionuclide. In some embodiments the radionuclide is selected from the group consisting of ³H, ¹⁴C, ¹²⁵I, ³⁵S and ⁸²Br. In some embodiments, the compound incorporates 1, 2 or 3 deuterium atoms. Synthetic methods for incorporating radio-isotopes into organic compounds are known in the art.

Specifically, a labeled compound of the invention can be used in a screening assay to identify and/or evaluate compounds. For example, a newly synthesized or identified compound (i.e., test compound) which is labeled can be evaluated for its ability to bind a macrophage migration inhibitory factor by monitoring its concentration variation when contacting with the macrophage migration inhibitory factor, through tracking of the labeling. For example, a test compound (labeled) can be evaluated for its ability to reduce binding of another compound which is known to bind to a macrophage migration inhibitory factor (i.e., standard compound). Accordingly, the ability of a test compound to compete with the standard compound for binding to the macrophage migration inhibitory factor directly correlates to its binding affinity. Conversely, in some other screening assays, the standard compound is labeled and test compounds are unlabeled. Accordingly, the concentration of the labeled standard compound is monitored in order to evaluate the competition between the standard compound and the test compound, and the relative binding affinity of the test compound is thus ascertained.

VI. Kits

The present disclosure also includes pharmaceutical kits useful, e.g., in the treatment or prevention of macrophage migration inhibitory factor associated diseases or disorders, such as those discussed above including cancer and inflammatory diseases, which include one or more containers containing a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or any of the embodiments thereof. Such kits can further include one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, e.g., containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers, etc., as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Instructions, either as inserts or as labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and/or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.

The invention will be described in greater detail by way of specific examples. The following examples are offered for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Those of skill in the art will readily recognize a variety of non-critical parameters which can be changed or modified to yield essentially the same results. The compounds of the Examples have been found to be macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibitors according to at least one assay described herein.

EXAMPLES

NMR spectra were recorded on Agilent DD2 600 (600 MHz), DD2 500 (500 MHz) and DD2 400 (400 MHz) instruments. Column chromatography was carried out using CombiFlash over redisep column cartridges employing Merck silica gel (Kieselgel 60, 63-200 μm). Pre-coated silica gel plates F-254 were used for thin-layer analytical chromatography. Mass determinations were performed using electrospray ionization on water Micromass ZQ (LC-MS) and on an Agilent Technologies 6890N (GC-MS). HRMS (ESI-TOF) analyses were performed on Waters Xevo QTOF equipped with Z-spray electrospray ionization source. The purity (>95%) of all final synthesized compounds was determined by reverse phase HPLC, using a Waters 2487 dual λ absorbance detector with a Waters 1525 binary pump and a Phenomenex Luna 5 C18(2) 250×4.6 mm column. Samples were run at 1 mL/min using gradient mixtures of 5-100% of water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (A) and 10:1 acetonitrile:water with 0.1% TFA (B) for 22 min followed by 3 min at 100% B.

General Method A

DMSO/H₂O (10 mL/4 mL) mixture was degassed by sonication and purging with N₂ for 10 minutes. Next, adequate 2-chloroquinoline (compounds 3a-v), 2-bromoquinoline (compounds 3y-z), or 2-chloro-1,8-naphthyridine (compounds 4a-b) (4.22 mmol), corresponding p-iodobenzene derivative (3.52 mmol) followed by trans-N,N-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.84 mmol), sodium ascorbate (0.42 mmol), copper iodide (0.42 mmol) and sodium azide (4.22 mmol) were added to the solvent mixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and then at 70° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc and extracted with H₂O (×1) and brine (×1). The aqueous phase was washed with EtOAc, the organic phases were combined and dried with Na₂SO₄ and solvent evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography.

General Method B. 4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (1b) and 4-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (2a)

To a suspension in MeOH (15 mL) of THP protected 1b or 2a (0.97 mmol), PPTS (0.1 mmol) was added and the mixture heated to reflux (72° C.) for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, the solvent was evaporated, and the product was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with H₂O, NaHCO₃, and brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄. The product was purified by column chromatography to yield the product.

4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (1b)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.99 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.68 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (dd, J=8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.06-6.88 (m, 3H), 4.50-4.32 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 163.31, 158.29, 144.71, 144.07, 136.75, 129.15, 122.39, 120.74, 119.67, 116.53, 111.52, 70.64, 65.26, 58.54. HRMS (ESI): calcd for C₁₆H₁₆N₄O₃ [M+H]⁺ 313.1222, found 313.1974.

4-(4-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (2a)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d₆) δ 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.64 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, Acetone-d₆) δ 158.83, 151.39, 150.52, 149.44, 137.73, 130.71, 123.78, 123.06, 121.38, 120.53, 117.02. HRMS (ESI): calcd for C₁₃H₁₀N₄O [M+H]⁺ 239.0855, found 239.0934.

General Method C 4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol (6b)

A solution of 5-bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridine (5b) (3.31 mmol), 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (3.64 mmol) and diethylamine (1.64 mL) was stirred under N₂ for 30 min. Then, Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.033 mmol) and CuI (0.033) were added and the mixture heated to 40° C. and stirred for 4 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and diethylamine evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DCM and washed with NH₄OH solution. The organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and the compound purified by flash chromatography. Yield: 80%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.20 (dd, J=2.3, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J=8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J=8.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.54-4.39 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.61 (s, 6H).

General Method D 5-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)pyridine (9b)

Dry THF (5 mL), 2-chloro-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridine (3.9 mmol), ethynyltrimethylsilane (4.1 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.2 mmol), CuI (0.2 mmol) and dry Et₃N (15.6 mmol) were added to a pressure vial. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 16h. The crude reaction mixture was filtered through silica pad and washed with EtOAc. The solvent was evaporated and the product was used in the next step without further purification. Yield: 46%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.98 (dd, J=13.7, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=9.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 0.29 (s, 4H).

General Method E 5-Ethynyl-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridine (7b)

To a solution of 4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol (6b) (2.7 mmol) in toluene (4 mL), NaOH (0.6 mmol) was added and heated at reflux for 4 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc and filtered. After solvent evaporation, the compound was purified by flash chromatography. Yield: 57%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.20 (dd, J=2.3, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J=8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J=8.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.54-4.39 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.47 (s, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H).

General Method F 2-Ethynyl-5-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridine (10b)

2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)pyridine (3.8 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (15 mL). Next, K₂CO₃ (0.38 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored on TLC. Upon completion the solvent was evaporated and the crude product was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc 1:1) to give pure compound. Yield: 94%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.98 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=9.3, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.81 (dd, J=5.4, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calcd for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₄H₁₃NO₂) 228.1024, found 228.0992.

General Method G

6-Hydroxy2-chloroquinoline (4 mmol) was added to a pressure vial. Next, bromoethylmethyl ether, 2-(2-bromoethoxy)-N-tritylethan-1-amine or 4-(3-bromopropyl)morpholine (4.4 mmol) dissolved in DMF (10 mL), and K₂CO₃ (6 mmol) were added and the solution was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc and extracted with water (×1) and brine (×3). The aqueous phase was washed with EtOAc (×1) and the organic phase was evaporated. The title compound was purified by flash chromatography.

Intermediate 1. 2-Chloro-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (11b)

The title compound was prepared according the general procedure described for the General Method G. Yield: 91%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.94 (dd, J=24.8, 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (dd, J=9.3, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.78 (m, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 2. 2-(2-((2-Chloroquinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)-N-tritylethan-1-amine (11c)

The title compound was prepared according the general procedure described for the General Method G. Yield: 50%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.93 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J=7.5, 1.9 Hz, 6H), 7.36-7.15 (m, 11H), 7.05 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 3. 4-(3-((2-Chloroquinolin-6-yl)oxy)propyl)morpholine (lit)

The title compound was prepared according the general procedure described for the General Method G. Yield: 50%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.93 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J=7.5, 1.9 Hz, 6H), 7.36-7.15 (m, 11H), 7.05 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 4. 2-Chloro-8-methoxyquinoline (11o)

To a solution of 2-chloroquinolin-8-ol (1.11 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (2.0 mmol) in anhydrous acetone (3 mL) was added MeI (1.22 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 18h. The solvent was evaporated, the residue dissolved in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give the title compound. Yield: 85%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.07 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.09 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₀H₈NOCl) 194.0373, found 194.0367.

Intermediate 5. 2-Chloro-8-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (11p)

To a solution of 2-chloroquinolin-8-ol (1.11 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (2.0 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (3 mL) was added bromoethylmethyl ether (1.22 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 18h according to the synthesis of the General Method G. Yield: 98%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.06 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.96-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₂H₁₂NO₂C₁) 238.0635, found 238.0627.

Intermediate 6. 2-Chloro-8-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinoline (11q)

Step 1. (E)-3-Ethoxy-N′(4′-methoxy-[′,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)acrylamide

A mixture of ethyl-(E)-3-ethoxyacrylate (21 mmol) and 2N NaOH (12 mL) was refluxed for 2 h. The solution was then evaporated to dryness. The residue was redissolved in toluene (7 mL), the solution stirred for 3 min and the solvent evaporated. This was repeated 5 times until water was removed from the solid which was used directly in the next step. S€um (E)-3-ethoxyacrylate (3.30 mmol) (20) was added to thionyl chloride (15.2 mmol) and the mixture was refluxed for 90 min. The solution was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in dry THF, 2 mL). 4‘-met’oxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-amine (2.19 mmol) and pyridine (5.0 mmol) were added to the solution at 0° C. Resulting mixture was stirred for 18h at room temperature. Next, water/EtOAc was added to the solution and the aqueous phase was separated and washed with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄, evaporated and the residue was purified on silica chromatography to give the sub-title product. Yield: 43%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.09 (d, J=12.0, 1H). 3.91-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 1.32 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₈H₁₉NO₃) 298.1443, found 298.1439.

Step 2. 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one (23)

(E)-3-Ethoxy-N-(4′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)acrylamide (1.29 mmol) was added slowly to 98% H₂SO₄ (3 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 min at 0° C. and was then poured on ice/water. After neutralization with 10N NaOH the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The residue was purified with silica chromatography to yield the sub-title compound. Yield: 12%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.66 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₈H₁₉NO₃) 298.1443, found 298.1439.

Step 3. 2-chloro-8-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinolone (11q)

A mixture of 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one (23, 0.16 mmol) in POCl₃ (1.60 mmol) was heated at 110° C. for 90 min. The solution was cooled to room temperature, poured into water/DCM mixture and neutralized with NH₄OH solution. The aqueous phase was separated and washed with DCM. The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give the title product. Yield: 46%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.13 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 7. 2-Chloro-8-phenoxyquinoline (11r)

t-BuOK (0.55 mmol) was suspended in dry THF (3.0 mL) and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. Next, 2-chloroquinolin-8-ol (0.50 mmol) was added to the solution which was stirred for 15 min at 0° C. and diaryliodonium salt (0.60 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water/DCM. The aqueous phase was separated and washed with DCM. The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica chromatography to give the title product. Yield: 94%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.13 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dt, J=23.4, 7.9 Hz, 4H), 7.17 (dd, J=22.4, 7.5 Hz, 3H), 7.04 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₅H₁₀NOCl) 256.0529, found 256.0516.

Intermediate 8. 2-Chloro-5-phenoxyquinoline (11s)

Step 1. 5-phenoxyquinoline (24)

The sub-title product was prepared according to the procedure describe for Intermediate 7 (11r). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.96 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J=8.4, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₅H₁₁NO) 222.0919, found 222.0926.

Step 2. 1-(λ¹-Oxidanyl)-5-phenoxy-1λ⁴-quinoline (25)

Compound 24 (0.64 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (5 mL) and m-CPBA 77% was added to solution (0.70 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24h and was next diluted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with sat. K₂CO₃, dried with Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give the sub-title compound. Yield: 47%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.49 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.22 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₅H₁₁NO₂) 238.0868, found 238.0867.

Step 3. 2-Chloro-5-phenoxyquinoline (11s)

Compound 25 (0.30 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMF (3 mL). The solution was cooled to 0° C. and thionyl chloride (0.025 mL, 0.30 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 90 min. The reaction was quenched with MeOH, evaporated to dryness and purified on silica chromatography (DCM/MeOH). Yield: 32%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.55 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 3H), 7.19 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₅H₁₀NOCl) 256.0529, found 256.0539.

Intermediate 9. 4-(3-((2-Chloro-3-methylquinolin-6-yl)oxy)propyl)morpholine (11u)

Step 1. N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)propionamide (26)

To a solution of p-methoxyaniline in anhydrous DCM (1 mL/mmol) and triethylamine (15 mmol) at 0° C., propionyl chloride (10 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous DCM (0.5 mL/mmol) is added dropwise. The reaction is warmed up to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. Water (1.5 mL/mmol) is added and extracted with DCM. The organic phase is dried over Na₂SO₄ and the compound is used for the next step without further purification. Yield: 80%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.41 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.37 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.24 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Step 2. 2-Chloro-6-methoxy-3-methylquinoline (27)

To a solution of POCl₃ (7 mmol) at 0 C, DMF (15 mmol) is added dropwise followed by the addition of 26 (10 mmol). The reaction is heated to 75° C. for 4 hours. The solvent is evaporated and poured into ice. The mixture is kept at 4° C. for 1 hour and filtered. The aqueous phase is neutralized with saturated NaHCO₃. After filtration, compound 27 is purified by flash chromatography using hexanes/EtOAc (9:1) as eluent. Yield: 52%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.89-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J=9.3, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H).

Step 3. 2-Chloro-3-methylquinolin-6-ol (28)

A mixture of 27 and 47% hydrobromic acid (2.5 mL/mmol) is heated at reflux overnight. After solvent evaporation, the mixture is neutralized with a solution of NH₄OH and extracted with EtOAc. Compound 28 is purified by flash chromatography using hexanes/EtOAc (6:4) as eluent. Yield: 48%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dt, J=9.3, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.09 (m, 1H), 2.52 (s, 3H).

Step 4. 4-(3-((2-Chloro-3-methylquinolin-6-yl)oxy)propyl)morpholine (11u)

To a solution of 28 (0.8 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.6 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (3 mL/mmol) under N₂, 19 is added. The mixture is stirred at 70° C. The reaction is diluted with EtOAc and washed twice with saturated NH₄Cl. The organic phase is dried over Na₂SO₄ and the compound is purified by flash chromatography with DCM/MeOH (8:2) as eluent. Yield: 60%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.88-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.28 (dt, J=9.2, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.99-6.98 (m, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 4H), 2.56 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.52-2.37 (m, 7H), 2.03 (p, J=6.7 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 10. 4-(2-(2-((2-Chloroquinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (11v)

Step 1. 2-Chloro-6-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)quinoline (29)

To a solution of 2-chloroquinolin-6-ol (0.8 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.6 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (3 mL/mmol) under N₂, bis(2-chloroethyl ether (1.0 mmol) is added dropwise and the mixture is stirred at 70° C. The reaction is diluted with EtOAc and washed twice with saturated NH₄Cl. The organic phase is dried over Na₂SO₄ and the compound is purified by flash chromatography with hexanes/EtOAc (7:3) as eluent. Yield: 50%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.97 (dd, J=8.6, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.974 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H).

Step 2. 4-(2-(2-((2-Chloroquinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (11v)

A mixture of 29 (1 mmol), morpholine (1 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.5 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (3 mL/mmol) is stirred at reflux overnight. After filtration, the solvent is evaporated and the product purified by flash chromatography using DCM/MeOH (9:1). Yield: 61%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.97 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.80-3.67 (m, 6H), 2.65 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.61-2.46 (m, 4H).

Intermediates 11 & 12. 2-Bromo-5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (11y) and 2-Bromo-5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (11z)

Step 1. 5-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)quinoline (30) & 5-(3-methoxyphenoxy)quinoline (3l)

5-hydroxyquinoline (2.76 mmol) and corresponding bromo-methoxybenzene (3.03 mmol) were dissolved in DMSO (5 mL). Next, 2-pyridylacetone (0.54 mmol), CuBr (0.27 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (4.14 mmol) were added to the solution which was then stirred at 90° C. for 48h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and purified by silica chromatography (Hexanes/EtOAC) to give the sub-title compound.

5-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)quinoline (30). Yield: 32%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J=8.4, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H).

5-(3-Methoxyphenoxy)quinoline (31). Yield: 45%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.55 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H).

Step 2. 4-(Quinolin-5-yloxy)phenol (32) & 3-(quinolin-5-yloxy)phenol (33)

Compound 30 or 31 (0.88 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (15 mL) and Br₃ (1M in DCM, 5.26 mmol) was added dropwise at −78° C. The solution was first stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and was next warmed to room temperature at which it was stirred for 4h. After the completion the reaction mixture was quenched with MeOH, diluted with DCM (20 mL) and extracted with sat. NaHCO₃ and brine. The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and evaporated the crude product was purified by silica chromatography (Hexanes/EtOAc) to give the corresponding intermediate 32-33.

4-(Quinolin-5-yloxy)phenol (32). Yield: 96%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.88 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.54 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H).

3-(Quinolin-5-yloxy)phenol (33). Yield: 98%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.89 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=8.5, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H).

Step 3. 5-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (34) and 5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (35)

The sub-title compounds were prepared according to the procedure described for the General Method G.

5-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (34). Yield: 52%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.97-8.93 (m, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J=8.4, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H).

5-(3-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (35). Yield: 61%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.53 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=7.6, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.68-6.61 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.72 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H).

Step 4. 5-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)-1-(2-oxidanyl)-1λ⁴-quinoline (36) and 5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)-1-(2′-oxidanyl)-1λ⁴-quinoline (37)

The sub-title compounds were prepared according to the procedure described for Intermediate 9, Step 2 (25).

5-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)-1-(λ¹-oxidanyl)-1λ⁴-quinoline (36). Yield: 80%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.50 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H).

5-(3-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)-1-(λ¹-oxidanyl)-1λ⁴-quinoline (37). Yield: (84%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.49 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.09-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H).

Step 5. 2-bromo-5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (11y) and 2-bromo-5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (11z)

Compound 36 or 37 (0.35 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (35 mL) with molecular sieves 4 Å. Next (Bu)₄NBr (0.53 mmol) was added to the solution and after stirring for 10 min. p-toulenesulfonic anhydride (0.53 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred for 48h, filtered and purified by silica chromatography (Hexanes/EtOAc) to give the title compound.

2-Ethynyl-5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (11y). Yield: 67%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.63 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (s, 2H), 6.79 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 1H).

2-Ethynyl-5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (11z). Yield: 80%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.55-8.49 (m, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 3H), 7.00 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.69-6.59 (m, 2H), 4.09 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 13. 2-Chloro-1,8-naphthyridine (14)

Step 1. tert-Butyl 3-hydroxy-3-(2-pivalamidopyridin-3-yl)propanoate (38)

To an oven-dried 250 mL three necked round bottom flask, dry THF (30 mL) and DIPA (21.0 mmol) was added under N₂. The solution was cooled to −78° C., n-BuLi (2M in hexane, 21 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. Next, tert-butyl acetate (21.0 mmol) was added dropwise and the solution was stirred for 20 min. N-(3-formylpyridin-2-yl)pivalamide (10.0 mmol) dissolved in 5 mL dry THF was added to the reaction mixture which was stirred for 40 min. Next, the solution was warmed up to room temperature and quenched with sat. NH₄Cl. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (×3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica chromatography to give the sub-title compound. Yield: 90%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.07 (m, 1H), 5.05 (dd, J=8.2, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.39 (s, 1H), 2.88-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.67 (d, J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (s, 10H), 1.33 (s, 10H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₇H₂₆N₂O₄) 323.1971, found 323.1983.

Step 2. 1,8-Naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (39)

A mixture of tert-butyl 3-hydroxy-3-(2-pivalamidopyridin-3-yl)propanoate (30, 7.21 mmol) and 3N HCl was refluxed for 6 h. The solution was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with water/DCM and neutralized with K₂CO₃. The aqueous phase was separated and washed with DCM. The organic phase were combined, washed with brine and dried with Na₂SO₄ to give 31 (81%) without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.62 (s, 1H), 8.69 (dd, J=4.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (dd, J=7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J=7.7, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H).

Step 3. 2-Chloro-1,8-naphthyridine (14)

A mixture of 31 (5.78 mmol) in POCl₃ (88 mmol) was heated at 110° C. for 90 min. The solution was cooled to room temperature, poured into water/DCM mixture and neutralized with NH₄OH solution. The aqueous phase was separated and washed with DCM. The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give the title compound (75%) which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.16 (s, 1H), 8.64 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.52 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₈H₈N₂Cl, 165.0220, found 165.0226.

Intermediates 14-29 (12b-z and 15) resulted from the S_(N) in the position 2 of the corresponding quinoline (11b-z) or naphthyridine (14), respectively with trimethylsilyl acetylene according to General Method D, while for 12a General Method E was used. 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12q) has not been isolated and was directly deprotected.

Intermediate 14. 2-Methyl-4-(quinolin-2-yl)but-3-yn-2-ol (12a)

Yield: (60%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.07 (dd, J=8.5, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.50 (dq, J=8.5, 4.3 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 1H), 1.80 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 15. 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12b)

Yield: (70%) 7.98 (dd, J=13.7, 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=9.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 0.29 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 16. 2-(2-((2-((Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)-N-tritylethan-1-amine (12c)

Yield: (75%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.99-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.41 (m, 6H), 7.32-7.11 (m, 11H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.20 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (t, J=5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 0.29 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 17. 3-Methyl-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (121)

Yield: (63%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.06 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 1H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 0.31 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 9H).

Intermediate 18. 4-Methyl-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12m)

Yield: (59%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.09 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 0.30 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 19. 8-Chloro-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12n)

Yield: (63%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.12 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 0.31 (s, 9H). HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₄H₁₄NsiCl) 260.0662, found 260.0654.

Intermediate 20. 8-Methoxy-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12o)

Yield: (64%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.06 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (s, 3H), 0.27 (s, 9H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₅H₁₇NOSi) 256.1158, found 256.1156.

Intermediate 21. 8-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12p)

Yield: (68%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.05 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 0.28 (s, 9H). HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₇H₂₁NO₂Si) 300.1420, found 300.1421.

Intermediate 22. 8-Phenoxy-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12r)

Yield: (49%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.18 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 3H), 7.21-7.13 (m, 3H), 6.98 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 0.25 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 23. 5-Phenoxy-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12s)

Yield: (68%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.66 (dt, J=14.7, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.47-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (d, J 5=7.8 Hz, 1H), 0.35 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 24. 4-(3-((2-((Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)propyl)morpholine (12t)

Yield: (54%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.77-3.65 (m, 4H), 2.54 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 4H), 2.09-1.97 (m, 2H), 0.27 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 9H).

Intermediate 25. 4-(3-((3-Methyl-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)propyl)morpholine (12u)

Yield: (61%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.93 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 4H), 2.61-2.41 (m, 7H), (p, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 0.29 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 26. 4-(2-(2-((2-((Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (12v)

Yield: (70%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.02-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J=9.1, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.73 (m, 6H), 2.62 (t, J=5.6, 2H), 2.50-2.52 (m, 4H), 0.29 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 27. 5-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12y)

Yield: (46%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.59 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 0.31 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 28. 5-(3-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoline (12z)

Yield: (82%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.48 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 4.10-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 0.31 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 29. 2-((Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (15)

Yield: 47%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.13 (dd, J=4.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.18-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J=8.1, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 0.30 (s, 9H). HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₃H₁₄N₂Si) 227.1004, found 227.1000.

Intermediates 30-46 (13b-z and 16) resulted from the deprotection of the TMS group according to General Method F, while 13a has been deprotected according to General Method E.

Intermediate 30. 2-Ethynylquinoline (13a)

Yield: (74%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.07 (dd, J=8.5, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.50 (dq, J=8.5, 4.3 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 31. 2-Ethynyl-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (13b)

Yield: (94%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.98 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=9.3, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.81 (dd, J=5.4, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calcd for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₄H₁₃NO₂) 228.1024, found 228.0992.

Intermediate 32. 2-(2-((2-Ethynylquinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)-N-tritylethan-1-amine (13c)

Yield: (92%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.95 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 6H), 7.28 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 10H), 7.19-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.01 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.19 (s, 1H), 2.37 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 33. 2-Ethynyl-3-methylquinoline (131)

Yield: (89%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.06 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.67-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.49 (m, 1H), 3.42 (s, 1H), 2.60 (s, 3H. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₂H₉N) 168.0813, found 168.765.

Intermediate 34. 2-ethynyl-4-methylquinoline (13m)

Yield: (87%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.10 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.99-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.72 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (ddd, J=8.2, 6.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 3.21 (s, 1H), 2.69 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₂H₉N) 168.0813, found 168.0759.

Intermediate 35. 8-chloro-2-ethynylquinoline (13n)

Yield: (94%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₁H₆NCl) 188.0267, found 188.0262.

Intermediate 36. 2-Ethynyl-8-methoxyquinoline (13o)

Yield: (86%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.09 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₂H₉NO) 184.0762, found 184.0759.

Intermediate 37. 2-Ethynyl-8-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (13p)

Yield: (96%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.43-4.39 (m, 2H), 3.96-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₄H₁₃NO₂) 228.1024, found 228.1022.

Intermediate 38. 2-Ethynyl-8-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinoline (13q)

Yield: (92%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.18-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=13.6, 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.63-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.04 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.16 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₈H₁₃NO) 260.1064, found 260.1075.

Intermediate 39. 2-Ethynyl-8-phenoxyquinoline (13r)

Yield: (94%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.16 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 3H), 7.21-7.15 (m, 3H), 6.99 (dd, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₇H₁₁NO) 246.0919, found 246.0911.

Intermediate 40. 2-Ethynyl-5-phenoxyquinoline (13s)

Yield: (90%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.59 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.39 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₇H₁₁NO) 246.0919, found 246.0910.

Intermediate 41. 4-(3-((2-Ethynylquinolin-6-yl)oxy)propyl)morpholine (13t)

Yield: (91%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=9.3, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (t, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.20 (s, 1H), 2.57 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (s, 4H), 2.12-1.98 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 42. 4-(3-((2-Ethynyl-3-methylquinolin-6-yl)oxy)propyl)morpholine (13u)

Yield: (88%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.92 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 4H), 3.36 (s, 1H), 2.60-2.42 (m, 7H), 2.02 (p, J=6.7 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 43. 4-(2-(2-((2-Ethynylquinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (13v)

Yield: (94%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=9.3, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.74-3.69 (m, 6H), 3.20 (s, 1H), 2.62 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.52-2.50 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 44. 2-Ethynyl-5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (13y)

Yield: (67%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.63 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (s, 2H), 6.79 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 45. 2-Ethynyl-5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinoline (13z)

Yield: (80%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.55-8.49 (m, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 3H), 7.00 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.69-6.59 (m, 2H), 4.09 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 46. 2-Ethynyl-1,8-naphthyridine (16)

Yield: (93%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.09 (dd, J=4.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (dd, J=8.3, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=8.2, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₀H₆N₂) 155.0609, found 155.0620.

Intermediate 47. 2-(2-Bromoethoxy)-N-tritylethan-1-amine (18)

Step 1. 2-(2-(Tritylamino)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (17)

To a solution of 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol (10 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (5 mL/mmol) under N₂, Et₃N (10 mmol) at 0° C. is added dropwise. After 20 min, a solution of trityl chloride (10 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (2 mL/mmol) is added during 15 min. The mixture is stirred at room temperature and monitoring by TLC. The reaction is washed with water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase is dried over Na₂SO₄ and 2-(2-(tritylamino)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (17) is purified by flash chromatography with hexanes/EtOAc (9:1) as eluent. Yield: 90%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.51-7.44 (m, 6H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 6H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 3H), 3.70 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H).

Step 2. 2-(2-Bromoethoxy)-N-tritylethan-1-amine

To a solution of 17 (9 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (5 mL/mmol) at −18 C, carbon tetrabromide (9 mmol) is added portionwise. The mixture is stirred for 15 min at −18° C. and then, PPh₃ (9 mmol eq) is added portionwise and the mixture stirred for 1 h. The reaction is washed with water and extracted with DCM. Organic layers are dried over Na₂SO₄ and the compound 18 was purified by flash chromatography with hexanes/DCM (9:1). Yield: 61%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.51-7.43 (m, 6H), 7.31-7.25 (m, 6H), 7.21-7.13 (m, 3H), 3.67 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 48. 4-(3-Bromopropyl)morpholine (19)

The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure described for Intermediate 47 (18). Yield: 50%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.75-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.45 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.51-2.34 (m, 6H), 2.00 (p, J=6.8 Hz, 2H).

Intermediates 49 and 50. Methyl 4-((2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate (12aa′) and Methyl 3-((2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate (12bb′)

Intermediates 12aa′ and 12bb′ were prepared according to the procedure described for General Method D.

Methyl 4-((2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate (12aa′) (Yield: 84%) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.37 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.95 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 0.31 (s, 9H).

Methyl 3-((2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate (12bb′). (Yield: 85%) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.48 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.61 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 0.31 (s, 9H).

Intermediates 51 and 52. Methyl 4-((2-ethynylquinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate (13aa′) and Methyl 3-((2-ethynylquinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate. (13bb′)

Intermediates 12aa′ and 12bb′ were prepared according to the procedure described for General Method F.

Methyl 4-((2-ethynylquinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate (13aa′) (Yield: 95%)¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.41 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.95 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 4H), 3.29 (s, 1H).

Methyl 3-((2-ethynylquinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate (13bb′) (Yield: 98%)¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.52 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.29 (s, 1H).

Example 1. 4-(4-(Quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3a)

The title compound was prepared through the reaction between Intermediate 30 (13a) according to General Method A and further deprotection of THP following General Method B. Yield: (35%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.53 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.88-7.78 (m, 3H), 7.63 (ddd, J=8.0, 6.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.02-6.94 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 157.93, 149.92, 147.81, 137.28, 130.15, 128.59, 128.37, 127.39, 126.49, 122.06, 121.71, 116.05. HRMS (ESI) calc. For [M+H]⁺ C₁₇H₁₂N₄O, 289.1011, found 289.1079.

Examples 2-27 (3b, 3d-z and 4a-b) were prepared following the procedure described for General Method A. Examples 2-10 (3b,d-k) were synthesized starting from 2-ethynyl-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (Intermediate 31, 13b) and the corresponding substituted p-iodobenzene, while Examples 11-25 (31-z) were obtained from the appropriate ethynylquinoline of Intermediates 33-45 (131-z). Examples 26-27 (4a,b) have been synthesized from 2-ethynyl-1,8-naphthyridine (Intermediate 46 (16)) and the corresponding substituted p-iodobenzene.

Example 2. 4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3b)

Yield: (39%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.96 (s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.43 (m, 2H), 6.98-6.95 (m, 2H), 4.29-4.25 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 157.88, 156.46, 148.06, 147.63, 143.42, 135.93, 129.98, 128.68, 128.46, 122.64, 122.04, 121.14, 118.62, 116.00, 106.72, 70.22, 67.32, 58.18. HRMS (ESI): calcd for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₀H₁N₄O₃) 363.1457, found 363.1414.

Example 3. 2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (3d)

Yield: (78%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.89-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.16 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (dd, J=5.4, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 3.83-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 164.10, 162.12, 157.66, 150.05, 148.46, 144.77, 136.18, 134.05, 131.06, 129.49, 123.28, 123.17, 123.10, 121.04, 119.35, 117.37, 117.18, 106.82, 71.46, 68.33, 59.47. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₀H₁₇N₄O₂F) 365.1414, found 365.1420.

Example 4. 2-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-5-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridine (3e)

Yield: (80%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 3H), 7.68 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (dd, J=8.7, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 154.46, 148.17, 141.94, 137.77, 135.39, 132.97, 129.80, 121.92, 121.77, 120.46, 120.28, 70.24, 67.50, 58.18. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₆H₁₅C₁N₄O₂) 178.0868, found 178.0867.

Example 5. 4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)aniline (3f)

Yield: (11%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.26-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 3.82-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 157.40, 149.36, 148.75, 148.08, 144.63, 136.02, 130.93, 129.96, 129.27, 128.87, 123.09, 122.61, 120.73, 119.28, 115.57, 106.60, 71.35, 68.16. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₀H₁₉N₅O₂) 362.1617, found 377.1637.

Example 6. 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinoline (3g)

Yield: (40%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.79-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.40 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.06 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.82-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 160.56, 157.55, 149.68, 148.69, 144.72, 136.11, 131.07, 131.01, 129.39, 123.18, 122.65, 120.95, 119.35, 115.35, 106.76, 71.43, 68.28, 59.45, 56.22. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₁H₂₀N₄O₃) 377.1614, found 377.1600.

Example 7. 4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (3h)

Yield: (71%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.96 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.92-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.42 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (dd, J=5.3, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 3.83-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 157.78, 150.57, 147.97, 144.78, 140.43, 136.26, 134.60, 131.07, 129.61, 123.44, 121.17, 120.56, 119.35, 118.36, 113.06, 106.78, 71.44, 68.35. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₁H₁₇N₅O₂) 372.1461, found 372.1457.

Example 8. 4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamide (3i)

Yield: (48%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.51 (s, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 8.17-8.10 (m, 3H), 7.96 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.44 (m, 2H), 4.27 (dd, J=5.3, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 3.77-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 166.70, 156.58, 148.55, 147.30, 143.46, 138.36, 136.08, 134.23, 130.02, 129.20, 128.60, 122.81, 121.50, 119.74, 118.70, 106.72, 70.23, 67.35, 58.20. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₁H₂₀N₅O₃) 390.1566, found 390.1550.

Example 9. 4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-methylphenol (3j)

Yield: (40%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.87 (s, 1H), 9.19 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (dd, J=8.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.40 (m, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (dd, J=5.4, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 3.78-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 156.46, 155.95, 148.03, 147.67, 143.44, 135.95, 129.99, 128.47, 128.43, 125.38, 122.84, 122.67, 121.03, 119.02, 118.62, 115.01, 106.71, 70.24, 67.33, 58.20, 15.97. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₁H₂₀N₄O₃) 377.1614, found 377.1614.

Example 10. 2-Methoxy-4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3k)

Yield: (30%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (dd, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.23 (m, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.83-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 157.59, 149.67, 148.68, 147.88, 146.90, 144.74, 136.15, 130.99, 130.71, 129.43, 123.23, 121.07, 119.37, 115.23, 114.05, 106.82, 105.10, 71.45, 68.31, 59.47. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₁H₂₀N₄O₄) 393.1563, found 393.1580.

Example 11. 4-(4-(3-Methylquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (31)

Yield: (62%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.99 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.77-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.60 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 157.92, 149.69, 148.72, 145.85, 137.47, 129.54, 129.16, 128.62, 128.36, 127.23, 127.09, 126.75, 123.35, 122.16, 116.05, 20.79. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₈H₁₄N₄₀) 303.1246, found 303.1242.

Example 12. 4-(4-(4-Methylquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3m)

Yield: (17%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.02 (s, 1H), 9.29 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.61 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.79 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.37, 150.05, 148.44, 147.87, 145.85, 130.28, 129.50, 129.11, 127.77, 126.80, 124.83, 122.53, 122.11, 119.21, 116.47, 18.89. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₈H₁₄N₄₀) 303.1246, found 303.1246.

Example 13. 4-(4-(8-Chloroquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3n)

Yield: (39%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.60 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (dd, J=13.6, 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.87 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.04, 150.62, 147.63, 143.44, 138.05, 131.94, 130.24, 128.79, 128.58, 127.57, 126.77, 122.35, 122.17, 119.34, 116.02. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₁₇HiN₄Ocl) 323.0700, found 323.0700.

Example 14. 2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-8-methoxyquinoline (3o)

Yield: (40%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.47 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (dd, J=8.9, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.28 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.12-7.08 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 163.51, 161.85, 155.02, 149.28, 149.21, 139.83, 137.40, 133.46, 133.44, 129.23, 126.98, 122.64, 122.59, 121.45, 119.95, 119.54, 117.07, 116.91, 108.42, 56.29. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₈H₁₃N₄OF 321.1152, found 321.1138.

Example 15. 2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-8-(3-methoxyethoxy)quinoline (3p)

Yield: (61%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.45 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (dd, J=8.5, 4.6 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=10.7 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (t, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.00 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 163.53, 161.88, 154.34, 149.18, 149.02, 139.83, 137.58, 133.48, 133.46, 129.34, 126.99, 122.83, 122.78, 121.79, 120.53, 119.41, 117.04, 116.89, 111.00, 71.12, 69.00, 59.49. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₀H₁₇N₄O₂F) 365.1414, found 365.1416.

Example 16. 4-(4-(8-(4-Methoxyphenyl)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3q)

Yield: (30%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.00 (s, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 3H), 7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.66, 158.08, 149.28, 148.14, 144.75, 138.74, 137.75, 131.93, 131.08, 130.19, 128.59, 127.92, 127.19, 126.59, 122.65, 121.70, 118.21, 116.04, 113.37, 55.12. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₄H₁₈N₄O₂) 395.1508, found 395.1503.

Example 17. 4-(4-(8-Phenoxyquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3r)

Yield (75%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.01 (s, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H), 8.58-8.50 (m, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (t, J=9.1 Hz, 3H), 7.56 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.09 (m, 3H), 6.96 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.02, 157.75, 152.51, 149.21, 147.93, 140.12, 137.46, 129.91, 129.08, 128.54, 126.77, 123.31, 123.23, 122.22, 121.60, 118.95, 118.88, 117.80, 116.06. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₃H₁₆N₄O₂) 381.1352, found 381.1338.

Example 18. 4-(4-(5-Phenoxyquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3s)

Yield: (56%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.88-7.81 (m, 3H), 7.74 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (dd, J=14.3, 8.2 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.00, 156.61, 152.55, 150.66, 148.70, 147.72, 131.48, 130.29, 130.27, 128.62, 124.09, 123.74, 122.15, 121.96, 120.49, 118.88, 118.47, 116.05, 113.03. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₃H₁₆N₄O₂) 381.1352, found 381.1354.

Example 19. 4-(4-(6-(3-Morpholinopropoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3t)

Yield: (40%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.99 (s, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.40 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 2.47 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.43-2.34 (m, 4H), 2.04-1.89 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.34, 157.08, 148.53, 148.00, 143.82, 136.40, 130.39, 129.13, 128.99, 123.18, 122.49, 121.59, 119.05, 116.46, 107.07, 66.70, 66.65, 55.29, 53.84, 26.23. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₄H₂₅N₅O₃) 432.1957, found 432.2154.

Example 20. 4-(4-(3-Methyl-6-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3u)

Yield: (42%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 2.69-2.60 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.49 (m, 4H), 2.09 (p, J=6.8 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 162.07, 157.42, 156.93, 147.48, 142.33, 136.82, 130.87, 129.98, 129.96, 129.04, 122.36, 122.18, 116.69, 110.15, 105.11, 66.89, 66.25, 55.64, 53.90, 26.24, 21.27. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₅H₂₇N₅O₃) 446.2114, found 446.2354.

Example 21. 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-Morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3v)

Yield: (34%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.20 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.07-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.75 (m, 6H), 2.74 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.66-2.57 (m, 4H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 157.15, 156.73, 147.01, 143.80, 135.43, 130.29, 129.45, 128.61, 128.08, 122.63, 121.53, 119.29, 119.16, 116.56, 105.88, 69.87, 67.57, 67.53, 67.45, 66.26, 53.98. HRMS (ESI) calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₅H₂₇N₅O₄) 462.2063, found 462.1948.

Example 22. 2-Fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3w)

Yield: (41%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.13 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J=11.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.97 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 3.92-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.77 (m, 6H), 3.76-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 1H), 2.76 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (s, 4H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 164.39, 156.53, 147.48, 143.44, 136.02, 129.99, 129.36, 128.54, 125.62, 122.75, 121.37, 118.64, 116.89, 111.74, 109.48, 109.24, 106.81, 68.68, 68.27, 67.51, 66.14, 57.59, 53.68. HRMS (ESI) calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O₄) 480.1969, found 480.1978.

Example 23. 4-(2-(2-((2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (3x)

Yield: (37%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.34 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.91-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.40 (dd, J=9.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (dd, J=5.7, 3.8 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (dd, J=5.7, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (dt, J=9.4, 5.1 Hz, 5H), 2.64 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 163.92, 157.12, 149.66, 148.02, 144.32, 135.85, 130.69, 122.97, 122.71, 122.63, 120.53, 119.21, 117.08, 116.85, 106.40, 69.63, 67.85, 66.77, 66.72, 58.31, 54.13. HRMS (ESI) calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O₃) 464.2020, found 464.2085.

Example 24. 4-(4-(5-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3y)

Yield: (21%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.02 (s, 1H), 9.33 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s, 3H), 3.67 (s, 2H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.04, 155.31, 153.99, 150.60, 149.22, 148.61, 147.76, 131.50, 130.19, 128.60, 122.72, 122.15, 121.92, 121.04, 119.95, 118.23, 116.06, 115.85, 110.81, 70.40, 67.32, 58.19. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₆H₂₂N₄O₄) 455.1719, found 455.1716.

Example 25. 2-Fluoro-4-(4-(5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3z)

Yield: (5%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 5.61 (s, 1H), 4.09-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ 160.92, 159.02, 153.35, 152.29, 151.20, 150.70, 149.80, 149.65, 144.83, 144.73, 132.12, 130.96, 130.77, 130.72, 130.21, 124.76, 122.04, 121.53, 118.84, 118.66, 118.64, 117.73, 117.71, 114.12, 111.64, 110.30, 109.88, 109.72, 106.01, 71.42, 68.06, 59.37. HRMS (ESI): calc. For [M+H]⁺ (C₂₆H₂₁N₄O₄) 473.1625, found 473.1629.

Example 26. 4-(4-(1,8-Naphthyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (4a)

Yield: (12%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 9.11 (dd, J=4.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.61 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.89-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.64 (dd, J=8.1, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.01-6.95 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.02, 155.56, 154.10, 152.84, 147.67, 138.95, 137.52, 128.59, 122.42, 122.21, 122.16, 122.13, 119.16, 116.05. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₆H₁₁N₅) 290.1042, found 290.1022.

Example 27. 2-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine (4b)

Yield: (41%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.65 (s, 1H), 9.12 (dd, J=4.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.52 (dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.17-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.65 (dd, J=8.1, 4.2 Hz, 1H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 155.52, 154.18, 152.50, 148.08, 139.07, 137.52, 135.29, 133.31, 129.86, 122.89, 122.84, 122.20, 122.10, 119.16, 40.02. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₁₆H₁₀N₅C₁) 308.0703, found 308.0702.

Example 28. 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3c)

Step 1. 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(Tritylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3c′)

The sub-title compound was prepared according to General Method A. Yield: (40%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.43 (m, 6H), 7.34-7.13 (m, 10H), 7.09 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 2.40 (s, 2H).

Step 2. 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (3c)

Compound 3c′ is dissolved in anhydrous DCM (3 mL/mmol) and cooled to 0° C. Trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL/mmol) is added dropwise, the reaction is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. Saturated NaHCO₃ is added to neutralize the reaction and extracted with DCM. Combined organic layers are dried over Na₂SO₄ and the final compound purified by flash chromatography in DCM/MeOH (7:3). Yield: (65%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.02 (s, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.77 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.43 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.31 (t, J=4.3 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.06-3.02 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 157.99, 156.42, 147.72, 143.48, 136.06, 130.08, 129.57, 128.69, 128.52, 122.71, 122.10, 121.23, 118.76, 116.08, 106.76, 68.87, 67.45, 66.87, 47.08. HRMS (ESI) calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₁H₂₁N₅O₃) 392.1644, found 392.0754.

Example 29. 4-(4-(7-(2-(2-Morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol

Step 1. (E)-Ethyl 3-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)acrylate

To a solution of 4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (500 mg, 2.8 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (36 mL) under N₂ atmosphere, ethyl 2-(triphenyl-λ⁵-phosphanylidene)acetate (1.2 g, 3.6 mmol) was added and stirred at reflux for 2 hours. After solvent evaporation, compound (E)-ethyl 3-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)acrylate was purified by flash chromatography using 15 hexanes:ethyl acetate as solvent. Yield 90%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.02 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J=8.7, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 1.33 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Step 2. 7-Methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one

(E)-Ethyl 3-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)acrylate (438 mg, 2.5 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL acetic acid glacial. Iron powder (837 mg, 15 mmol) was then added and heated at 80° C. for 2 h. The mixture was filtered over diatomaceous earth and purified by flash chromatography using dichloromethane: methanol as solvent. Yield 70%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.46 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J=8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H).

Step 3. 2-Chloro-7-methoxyquinoline

300 mg (1.9 mmol) of 7-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one was dissolved in 1.1 mL of POCl₃ (12 mmol) and heated at reflux for 3 h. The mixture was poured into iced water, neutralized with sat NaHCO₃ and extracted with ethyl acetate. Yield 98%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.9, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H).

Step 4. 2-Chloroquinolin-7-ol

A solution of 2-chloro-7-methoxyquinoline (330 mg, 1.7 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (15 mL) under N₂ atmosphere was cooled to −78° C. 10.4 mL of 1 M Br₃ in dichloromethane was added dropwise and stirred at −78° C. for 30 min. The mixture was then heated to 50° C. and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with 10 mL MeOH and solvent evaporated. The crude was redissolved in dichloromethane and extracted with sat NaHCO₃ and brine. The sub-title product was purified by flash chromatography using hexanes: ethyl acetate. Yield 88% ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.19 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J 15=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 2H).

Step 5. 2-Chloro-7-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)quinolone

In a pressure vial, under N₂, 2-chloroquinolin-7-ol (269 mg, 1.5 mmol) and 415 mg of K₂CO₃ (3 mmol) were dissolved in 4 mL anhydrous DMF. 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane (0.26 mL, 2.25 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at 70° C. overnight. The reaction was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with with H₂O and sat NH₄Cl. The sub-title product was obtained via flash chromatography using hexanes: ethyl acetate. Yield 60%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.21 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.22 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.85 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H).

Step 6. 4-(2-(2-((2-Chloroquinolin-7-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine

In a pressure vial under N₂, 2-chloro-7-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)quinolone (250 mg, 0.85 mmol), morpholine (0.075 mL, 0.85 mL) and K₂CO₃ (360 mg, 2.6 mmol) were dissolved in 3 mL anhydrous DMF and the reaction stirred at 100° C. overnight following the procedure of Example 29, Step 5. The sub-title compound was purified by chromatography using dichloromethane: methanol as solvent. Yield 40%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.71 (q, J=5.2, 4.7 Hz, 6H), 2.62 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (dd, J=6.8, 2.9 Hz, 4H).

Step 7. 4-(2-(2-((2-((Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine

In a pressure vial under N₂ atmosphere, 4-(2-(2-((2-chloroquinolin-7-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (125 mg, 0.37 mmol), trimethylsylyl acetylene (35 mg, 0.75 mmol), CuI (2.6 mg, 0.018 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (13 mg, 0.018 mmol) and Et₃N (0.14 mL, 1.88 mmol) were dissolved in 2 mL anhydrous acetonitrile. The reaction was stirred at 70° C. overnight. The mixture was filtered over diatomaceous earth and the sub-title product purified by flash chromatography using ethyl acetate: methanol as solvent. Yield 95%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (dd, J=5.7, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (dd, J=5.6, 3.8 Hz, 2H), 3.76-3.65 (m, 6H), 2.62 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 4H), 0.29 (s, 9H).

Step 8. 4-(2-(2-((2-Ethynylquinolin-7-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine

4-(2-(2-((2-((Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine (150 mg, 0.035 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (4.5 mL). Next, K₂CO₃ (56 mg, 0.035 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solution was filtered, solvent evaporated, and the product was used in the next step without further purification. Yield 95%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.04 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J=8.9, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.66 (m, 7H), 2.62 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.54-2.48 (m, 4H).

Step 9. 4-(4-(7-(2-(2-Morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol

DMSO/H₂O (1:1) mixture was degassed and purged with N₂ for 10 min. Next, 4-(2-(2-((2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine was added followed by 4-iodophenol, trans-N,N-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine, sodium ascorbate, cooper iodide and sodium azide. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and then at 70° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted with H₂O and brine. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phases were combined and dried over Na₂SO₄. The product was purified by flash chromatography using dichloromethane:methanol as solvent. Yield 37%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.9, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.99-6.91 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.92-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.69 (m, 6H), 2.68 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.60-2.53 (m, 4H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 160.03, 157.25, 149.33, 147.16, 136.79, 136.74, 129.45, 128.84, 123.10, 121.82, 120.20, 119.70, 116.73, 116.56, 107.33, 69.54, 68.19, 67.34, 66.46, 58.46, 53.93. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₅H₂₇N₅O₄) 462.2063, found 462.2113.

Example 30. 2-Fluoro-4-(4-(7-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 29, substituting 2-fluoro-4-iodophenol for 4-iodophenol in Step 9. Yield 31%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.14 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=10.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J=8.9, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.92-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.67 (m, 6H), 2.65 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.54 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 4H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 160.03, 159.08, 157.25, 149.33, 147.16, 136.79, 136.74, 129.45, 128.84, 124.28, 123.10, 121.82, 120.20, 119.70, 116.73, 116.56, 107.33, 69.54, 68.19, 67.34, 66.46, 58.46, 53.93. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₂₅H₂₆FN₅O₄ 480.1969, found 480.2029.

Example 31. 4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol

Step 1. 5-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde

To a solution of 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (3 g, 18 mmol), K₂CO₃ (12.3 g, 74 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60 mL) and MeI in ether (2.0 M, 18 mL) were added and stirred overnight at room temperature. After the conversion, the mixture was filtered, diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed with H₂O and sat NH₄Cl. The organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ to yield the sub-title compound which was used for the next step without further purification. Yield 99%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.48 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J=9.1, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H).

Step 2. 2-(5-Methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane

A solution of 5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (3.3 g, 18 mmol), ethylene glycol (2 mL), trimethyl orthoformate (2.3 mL) and p-TsOH (3.46 mg, 0.018 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (75 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The mixture was then washed with sat NaHCO₃ and brine, and the product purified by flash chromatography using hexanes: ethyl acetate as solvent. Yield 66%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.02 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J=9.0, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 4.09-3.99 (m, 4H), 3.89 (s, 3H).

Step 3. 2-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-4-methoxyaniline

To a solution of 2-(5-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (2.7 g, 11.9 mmol) in ethyl acetate (15 mL), PtO₂ (166 mg) and of AcONa (79 mg) were added under N₂. The suspension was stirred under H₂ atmosphere overnight. The resulting solution was filtered through diatomaceous earth and the product purified by flash chromatography using hexanes: ethyl acetate as solvent. Yield 81%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.94 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (dd, J=8.6, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (s, 1H), 4.12-4.02 (m, 4H), 3.74 (s, 3H).

Step 4. Ethyl (2-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate

To a solution of 2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-4-methoxyaniline (1.89 g, 9.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL), Et₃N (1.1 mL) was added dropwise at 0° C. followed by the addition of ethyl chloroformate (1.12 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 15 min. After evaporation of the solvent, the crude residue was redissolved in dichloromethane and washed with H₂O. The sub-title product was purified by flash chromatography using hexanes: ethyl acetate as solvent. Yield 80%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=8.9, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 5.85 (s, 1H), 4.20 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.14-4.02 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 1.30 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Step 5. ethyl (2-Formyl-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate

To a solution of ethyl (2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (2.1 g, 8.0 mmol) in THF (23 mL), 20% HCl (3 mL) was added dropwise and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. After neutralization with sat NaHCO₃ and extraction with ethyl acetate, the product was used in the next step without further purification. Yield 99%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.27 (s, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=9.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 1.31 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Step 6. 6-Methoxyquinazolin-2(1H)-one

NH₃ in MeOH (2.0 M, 30 mL) was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h under N₂ atmosphere. Ethyl (2-formyl-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (1.8 g, 8.0 mmol) dissolved in dry MeOH (2 mL) was then added. Under high pressure conditions, the reaction was heated to 140° C. and stirred for 2 h. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, and solvent evaporation, the crude residue was redissolved in cold MeOH and filtered. The brown powder obtained was used in the next step without further purification. Yield 64%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.44 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.05-7.93 (m, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.84-6.75 (m, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H).

Step 7. 2-Chloro-6-methoxyquinazoline

The sub-title compound was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 29, Step 3. Purification by flash chromatography using dichloromethane: methanol as solvent. Yield 82%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.19 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H).

Step 8. 2-Chloroquinazolin-6-ol

The sub-title compound was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 29, Step 4. Yield 70%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 9.16 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J=9.1, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H).

Step 9. 2-Chloro-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazoline

In a pressure vial under N₂, 2-chloroquinazolin-6-ol (280 mg, 1.5 mmol), 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane (0.36 mL, 3.9 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (538 mg, 3.9 mmol) were stirred at 70° C. overnight. After dilution with ethyl acetate and washing with H₂O and sat NH₄Cl, the product was purified by flash chromatography using hexanes: ethyl acetate as solvent. Yield 30%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J=9.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H).

Step 10. 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinazoline

The sub-title compound was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 29, Step 7. Yield 76%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.23 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (dd, J=9.3, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.29-4.22 (m, 2H), 3.86-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 0.31 (s, 9H).

Step 11. 2-Ethynyl-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazoline

The sub-title compound was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 29, Step 8. Yield 99%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J=9.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.86-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 1H).

Step 12. 4-(4-(6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-2-yl)-H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 29, Step 9. Yield 41%. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.04-6.99 (m, 2H), 4.31-4.26 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 159.24, 157.75, 156.91, 156.13, 153.45, 146.79, 130.03, 130.01, 127.94, 122.80, 122.78, 122.47, 116.55, 104.90, 70.74, 67.85, 59.32. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₁₉H₁₇N₅O₃ 364.1331, found 364.1390.

Example 32. 3-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid (3bb)

Step 1. Methyl 3-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoate (3bb)

2-Fluoro-4-iodophenol (1.0 mmol) followed by trans-N,N-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.2 mmol), sodium ascorbate (0.4 mmol), copper iodide (0.2 mmol) and sodium azide (1.0 mmol) were added to DMSO (2.5 mL). The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 2h and then Intermediate 52 (13bb′) (0.5 mmol) followed by H₂O (0.5 mL) were added to the reaction which was stirred overnight. The solution was then diluted with EtOAc and extracted with H₂O (×1) and brine (×1). The aqueous phase was washed with EtOAc, the organic phases were combined and dried with Na₂SO₄ and solvent evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (DCM/MeOH) to give the sub-title product 3bb′ (Yield: 75%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.49 (s, 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.64 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H).

Step 2. 3-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid (3bb)

Compound 3bb′ from Step 1 (0.04 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (3 mL) and 2N NaOH (0.5 mL) was added to the solution which was then stirred at room temperature overnight. Upon completion the reaction mixture was concentrated to around 1 mL dioxane, diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and the pH was adjusted to about 3. The aqueous phase was washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL), dried with Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (DCM/MeOH) to give the title product (Yield: 75%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.70 (s, 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.52 (s, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 167.30, 157.30, 152.45, 151.97, 151.00, 150.36, 149.15, 148.23, 146.22, 146.14, 131.95, 130.79, 130.68, 128.63, 128.57, 125.09, 124.69, 122.63, 121.11, 119.04, 118.92, 118.68, 118.66, 117.40, 117.38, 114.46, 109.93, 109.78. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₄H₁₅FN₄O₄) 443.1156, found 443.1154.

Example 33. 2,6-Difluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol

The title compound was prepared according to standard “click chemistry” conditions (e.g., reaction in the presence of sodium azide, copper iodide, sodium ascorbate, and (1R,2R)—N¹,N²-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine) as described herein. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.89-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.41 (m, 2H), 4.28-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.78 (m, 2H), 3.60 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.55-3.47 (m, 4H), 2.49-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 4H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 156.57, 153.09, 153.03, 151.48, 151.42, 148.40, 147.31, 143.44, 136.09, 134.36, 129.99, 128.59, 127.16, 122.82, 121.55, 118.63, 105.04, 104.86, 68.68, 68.23, 67.52, 66.11, 57.58, 53.66.HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₅H₂₅F₂N₅O₄) 498.1875, found 498.1940.

Example 34. 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorophenol

The title compound was prepared according to standard “Click chemistry” conditions (e.g., reaction in the presence of sodium azide, copper iodide, sodium ascorbate, and (1R,2R)—N¹,N²-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine) as described herein and subsequent amine deprotection in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.51 (s, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.99-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.84 (s, 2H), 7.76-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.16 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.27 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J=4.3 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.08-3.00 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 156.4, 150.7 (d, J=242.8 Hz), 148.2, 147.5, 145.6 (d, J=11.9 Hz), 143.5, 136.1, 130.0, 128.5, 128.3 (d, J=8.8 Hz), 122.7, 121.4, 118.7, 118.2 (d, J=3.5 Hz), 116.9 (d, J=3.1 Hz), 109.3 (d, J=23.2 Hz), 106.7, 68.83, 67.4, 66.8, 38.6. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₁H₂₀FN₅O₃) 410.1550, found 410.1625.

Example 35. 4-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid (3aa)

The title product was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 32, substituting Intermediate 51 (13aa′) for Intermediate 52 (13bb′) (Yield: 61%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.89 (s, 1H), 10.57 (s, 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.56 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.38-8.29 (m, 1H), 7.97 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 7.93 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=20.8, 8.6 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 167.53, 159.36, 151.60, 150.56, 149.99, 148.74, 147.78, 146.09, 146.01, 131.49, 130.38, 128.00, 127.94, 124.52, 122.18, 120.76, 118.65, 118.31, 118.28, 117.34, 116.96, 116.93, 114.60, 109.47, 109.31. HRMS (ESI): calc. for [M+H]⁺ (C₂₄H₁₅FN₄O₄) 443.1156, found 443.1153.

The following additional examples were prepared by methods analogous to those described herein.

Example 36. 3-((2-(1-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid

The title product was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 32 replacing 2-fluoro-4-iodophenol by 1,2-difluoro-4-iodobenzene in the “click chemistry” step. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.57 (s, 1H), 8.67 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 8.00 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.34 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, dmso) δ 167.4, 156.2, 152.7, 150.2, 149.6 (dd, J=247.6, 13.7 Hz), 149.4 (dd, J=247.3, 12.1 Hz), 148.7, 148.2, 133.2 (dd, J=8.8, 2.7 Hz), 131.7, 130.4, 129.0, 124.7, 123.6, 122.7, 120.7, 118.8 (d, J=18.6 Hz), 118.7, 118.4, 117.4 (dd, J=6.7, 3.3 Hz), 113.5, 110.6 (d, J=22.1 Hz). HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₂₄H₁₄F₂N₄O₃ 445.1107 found 445.1112.

Example 37. 4-(4-(5-(3-(Aminomethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorophenol

The title product was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 32 replacing methyl bromobenzoate by (3-bromophenyl)methanamine protected with Boc in the reaction with 5-hydroxyquinoline to give the intermediate analog to 13bb′ with phenyl methanamine. Final deprotection of Boc group yielded the title compound. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.63 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (s, 2H), 7.97 (d, J=11.3 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.81-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.23-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.06 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (s, 2H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, dmso) δ 156.8, 152.1, 150.73 (d, J=242.7 Hz), 150.6, 148.7, 147.8, 145.7 (d, J=11.8 Hz), 136.5, 131.4, 130.5, 128.2 (d, J=8.7 Hz), 124.4, 122.2, 120.6, 119.0, 118.7, 118.6, 118.4, 118.2 (d, J=3.4 Hz), 116.9 (d, J=3.3 Hz), 116.4, 113.6, 109.4 (d, J=23.2 Hz), 41.9. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₂₄H₁₈FN₅O₂ 428.1517 found 428.1515.

Example 38. 2-Fluoro-4-(4-(5-(3-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol

The title product was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 32 replacing methyl bromobenzoate by 4-(2-(2-(3-bromophenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine, which is obtained following the synthesis of 4-(2-(2-((2-Chloroquinolin-7-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.46 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.61 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.99-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.09-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.67 (t, J=4.2 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 4H), 2.41 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (s, 4H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, dmso) δ 160.1, 157.8, 151.5, 150.7 (d, J=242.6 Hz), 149.9, 148.7, 147.8, 145.6 (d, J=11.8 Hz), 131.5, 130.8, 130.3, 128.3 (d, J=8.6 Hz), 123.9, 122.2, 120.6, 118.5, 118.2 (d, J=3.8 Hz), 117.0 (d, J=3.5 Hz), 113.5, 110.7, 110.3, 109.5 (d, J=23.3 Hz), 105.3, 68.7, 68.2, 67.3, 66.2, 57.6, 53.7. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₃₁H₃₀FN₅O₅ 572.2304 found 572.2309.

Example 39. 4-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-8-yl)oxy)benzoic acid

The title product was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 32 starting from 2-chloroquinolin-8-ol and methyl 4-iodobenzoate instead of 5-hydroxyquinoline and methyl 4-bromobenzoate to yield the corresponding intermediates. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.58 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, dmso) δ 167.6, 161.8, 151.7, 151.2 (d, J=242.9 Hz), 149.7, 148.4, 146.4 (d, J=11.7 Hz), 140.7, 138.1, 131.7, 129.6, 128.3 (d, J=8.8 Hz), 127.3, 124.7, 122.2, 120.0, 119.4, 118.7 (d, J=3.1 Hz), 117.9, 117.5 (d, J=2.5 Hz), 109.9 (d, J=23.1 Hz). HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₂₄H₁₅FN₄O₄ 443.1150 found 443.1074.

Example 40. 3-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-8-yl)oxy)benzoic acid

The title product was prepared according to the procedure described for Example 39 replacing 4-methyl iodobenzoate by 3-methyl iodobenzoate in the initial step. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.56 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.86 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, dmso) δ 166.8, 158.4, 151.7, 150.7 (d, J=242.9 Hz), 149.3, 147.9, 145.7 (d, J=11.9 Hz), 140.3, 137.6, 132.5, 130.2, 129.2, 128.2 (d, J=8.8 Hz), 126.9, 124.2, 123.9, 123.1, 121.8, 119.2, 119.1, 118.4, 118.2 (d, J=3.6 Hz), 117.1 (d, J=3.2 Hz), 109.6 (d, J=23.2 Hz). HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₂₄H₁₅FN₄O₄ 443.1150 found 1157.

Examples 41-45 were obtained from 2-chloroquinolin-7-ol or 2-chloroquinolin-6-ol and the corresponding bromo ethyl ester following General Method G to give the appropriate intermediates. 2-Fluoro-4-iodophenol or 4-iodophenol were used in the “click chemistry” step to give the corresponding ethyl esters. Final hydrolysis in the presence of 2N NaOH yielded the desired final compounds.

Example 41. 2-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)acetic acid

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.75 (dd, J=19.4, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, dmso) δ 162.0, 151.5 (d, J=245.4 Hz), 149.4, 148.8, 146.7, 145.0 (d, J=10.6 Hz), 141.2, 139.2, 129.8, 128.6 (d, J=8.7 Hz), 128.2, 122.2, 120.7, 118.2 (d, J=3.7 Hz), 116.7 (d, J=2.5 Hz), 111.7, 109.2 (d, J=2.7 Hz), 106.5, 64.7. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₁₉H₁₃FN₄O₄ 381.0994 found 381.0104.

Example 42. 4-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)butanoic acid

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.03 (quint, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 177.8, 161.5, 154.7, 151.0 (d, J=238.7 Hz), 149.9, 148.2, 146.6, 145.7 (d, J=19.3 Hz), 136.9, 129.2 (d, J=8.1 Hz), 127.7, 122.5, 121.7, 118.4 (d, J=3.9 Hz), 116.8 (d, J=2.1 Hz), 116.0, 109.2, (d, J=21.0 Hz), 107.4, 67.2, 31.0, 24.5. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₂₁H₁₇FN₄O₄ 409.1307 found 409.1466.

Example 43. 4-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)butanoic acid

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.27 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.00-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.69 (ddd, J=9.1, 2.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.17 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.03 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 2H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 174.4, 156.6, 151.8 (d, J=262.5 Hz), 148.2, 147.4, 146.5 (d, J=14.0 Hz), 143.4, 136.0, 130.0, 128.6, 128.3 (d, J=8.5 Hz), 122.8, 121.3, 118.6, 118.3 (d, J=3.9 Hz), 116.8 (d, J=2.4 Hz), 109.3 (d, J=20.0 Hz), 106.7, 67.3, 30.7, 24.4. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ 409.1307. found 409.1466.

Example 44. 2-(2-((2-(1-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)acetic acid

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.66 (s, 1H), 10.46 (s, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.97-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.76-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.16 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.14 (s, 2H), 3.92-3.90 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 171.6, 156.5, 150.2 (d, J=242.5 Hz), 148.1, 147.4, 145.6 (d, J=10.5 Hz), 143.3, 136.2, 129.9, 128.5, 128.3 (d, J=8.8 Hz), 122.8, 121.5, 118.7, 118.2 (d, J=3.2 Hz), 116.9 (d, J=2.8 Hz), 109.3 (d, J=23.5 Hz), 106.8, 68.9, 67.7, 67.6. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₂₁H₁₇FN₄O₅ 425.1256 found 425.1455.

Example 45. 3-(2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)propanoic acid

¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.09 (s, 1H), 9.96 (s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H). ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, dmso) δ 169.86, 157.91, 155.72, 148.00, 147.86, 143.54, 136.10, 130.03, 128.69, 128.30, 122.43, 122.08, 121.27, 118.70, 116.03, 107.13, 64.76, 39.52, 39.31, 39.10, 38.89. HRMS (ESI): calc for [M+H]⁺ C₁₉H₁₄N₄O₄ 363.1088 found 363.1093.

Example A. Protein Expression and Purification

Recombinant human MIF (rhMIF) was expressed as previously reported (Bernhagen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 6665-6670). E. coli cells were pelleted by centrifugation and stored at −80° C. The purification followed published protocols (see Bernhagen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 6665-6670; Sun et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1996, 93, 5191-5196) using modified conditions. Cell pellets were re-suspended in a lysis buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 20 mM sodium chloride, 10% glycerol, 2 mM magnesium chloride, and 0.2× cOmplete™ EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche), lysed by sonication and centrifuged at 27,000×g for 30 min. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 m syringe filter and applied to Hi-Trap SP HP and Hi-Trap Q SP columns (GE Healthcare) in tandem. As rhMIF bound to neither ion-exchange resin, the flow-through was collected, being sufficiently pure (˜90%) for crystallography. Higher purity was achieved by size-exclusion chromatography on a Superdex 200 16/60 column (GE Healthcare). The resulting rhMIF was assessed by SDS gel electrophoresis to be of sufficiently high purity (>95%) for tautomerase assays. Pure protein was concentrated to 30.6 mg/mL in 20% glycerol and stored at −80° C.

Example B. Inhibition of Tautomerase Activity of Human MIF

Inhibition of the tautomerase activity of MIF was measured using 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid (HPP) as substrate, largely following previously reported protocols (Taylor et al., Biochemistry, 1999, 38, 7444-7452). HPP was dissolved in 0.5 M acetate buffer, pH 6.0 to a final concentration of 10 mM and incubated overnight at room temperature to allow equilibration of the keto and enol forms. MIF (6 μL) was premixed in 500 mM boric acid, pH 6.2 (142 μL) and transferred to a transparent U bottom 96-well plate to a final concentration of 50 nM MIF. At this concentration high signal-to-noise and linearity were observed after analysis of progress curves for enol production at different protein concentrations. Inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO to 10 mM and an initial screen was performed. For compounds that showed ca. 25% or greater inhibition at 10 μM, an inhibition constant, K_(i), was measured. Compounds were placed into wells (2 μL) at 6 different concentrations and incubated for 30 minutes until the assay was started by addition of HPP (50 μL) at two concentrations (1.0 and 2.5 mM). The negative control was MIF incubated with DMSO vehicle, which in all assays was 1% and did not influence tautomerase activity. MIF activity was monitored at 305 nm for formation of the borate-enol complex using an Infinite F500 plate reader (TECAN, Morrisville, N.C.) for 175 seconds. Calculation of initial velocities and the nonlinear regression analyses for the enzyme kinetics were repeated three times with the program Prism6 (GraphPad, La Jolla, Calif.).

Data obtained for the Example compounds, obtained using the methods described in Example B, are provided in Table 3. Results are also included for a reference compound ISO-1 (Chang, K. F.; Al-Abed, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2006, 16, 3376-3379; Balachandran, S. et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2009, 19, 4773-4776). X-ray crystal structures were obtained for complexes of 3a, 3b, and 3v (Examples 1, 2, and 21) with human MIF as described below in Example C, which confirm the binding of these inhibitors in the tautomerase active site.

TABLE 3 Assay Data Example No. K_(i) (μM)  1 0.59  2 0.57  3 8.9  4 ND (3%)^(a)  5 ND (13%)^(a)  6 ND (0%)^(a)  7 ND (8%)^(a)  8 ND (0%)^(a)  9 ND (15%)^(a) 10 ND (8%)^(a) 11 7.3 12 2.3 13 ND (16%)^(a) 14 56 15 64 16 ND (21%)^(a) 17 2.95 18 0.37 19 1.95 20 3.12 21 0.41 22 0.15 23 29.6 24 0.36 25 0.082 26 1.48 27 ND (9%)^(a) 28 0.77 29 0.85 30 0.29 31 2.35 32 0.023 33 3.746 34 0.33 35 0.11 36 4.931 37 0.568 38 0.128 39 0.296 40 0.112 41 2.235 42 0.043 43 0.034 44 0.045 ISO-1 21 ^(a)% inhibition at 10 μM ND = Ki not determined

Example C. X-Ray Crystallography

To obtain co-crystals of MIF in complex with 4-(4-(quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (Example 1, 3a), 100 μM 3a in DMSO was added to rhMIF (24 μg/mL) to achieve a 3:1 molar ratio and incubated for 1 hour at 5° C. The solution was centrifuged at 13,000×g to remove precipitated compound and used to set up hanging-drop crystallization experiments. A reservoir of 2.0 M ammonium sulfate, 0.1 M Tris pH 7, and 3% isopropanol was added to the protein solution in a 1:1 ratio and stored at 20° C. Diffraction-quality crystals with a rod morphology grew within two weeks. The crystals were cryo-protected in 25% glycerol, 2.0M ammonium sulfate, 0.1 M Tris pH 7, and 3% isopropanol. Data was collected at the Advanced Photon Source remotely on the NE-CAT 24-ID-E beam line.

Co-crystals of MIF in complex with 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (Example 2, 3b) were obtained by soaking crystals of apo MIF. Crystals were obtained by the hanging-drop method at 20° C. A reservoir of 2.2 M ammonium sulfate, 0.1 M Tris pH 7, and 3% isopropanol mixed in a 1:1 ratio with rhMIF (16 mg/mL) was used to produce 2 μL drops. Once crystals formed, 0.5 μL of a suspension of 10 mM 3b in 10% DMSO, 2.0 M ammonium sulfate, 90 mM Tris pH 7, and 2.7% isopropanol was added to the drop and allowed to incubate for 14 days. Crystals were cryo-protected with 25% glycerol, 2.2 M ammonium sulfate, 0.1 M Tris pH 7, and 3% isopropanol.

Crystals of 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (Example 2, 3b) were diffracted on a Rigaku 007 HF+ source equipped with a Saturn 944+ CCD detector. HKL2000 was used to index, integrate, and scale the MIF-3a data set in the P42₁2 space group and the MIF-3b in the P2₁212₁ space group. Phases were obtained by molecular replacement with PDB file 3U18 using the CCP4 and PHASER programs. Model building was performed in COOT with iterative restrained refinement with REFMAC. A rendering of 3b bound to human MIF from a 1.81-Å crystal structure is shown in FIG. 1.

Example D. Aqueous Solubility

Table 4 shows the aqueous solubility (g compound/mL solvent) of representative compounds of the invention.

TABLE 4 Aqueous Solubility Example No. Solubility (μg/mL) 1 2.2 2 3.6 21 48.5 22 27.2 28 13.9 32 47.2 34 9.1 43 19.2 44 867.4 45 364.5

Various modifications of the invention, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. Each reference, including without limitation all patent, patent applications, and publications, cited in the present application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 

1-161. (canceled)
 162. A method of treating a disease or condition in which inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity in a subject is therapeutically beneficial, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein: X³ is CR³ or N; X⁸ is CR⁸ or N; R³ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a1), SR^(a1), C(O)R^(b1), C(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), C(O)OR^(a1), OC(O)R^(b1), OC(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(O)R^(b1), NR^(c1)C(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(O)OR^(a1), C(═NR^(e1))NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(═NR^(e1))NR^(c1)R^(d1), S(O)R^(b1), S(O)₂R^(b1), NR^(c1)S(O)₂R^(b1) and S(O)₂NR^(c1)R^(d1); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl, forming R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a2), SR^(a2), C(O)R^(b2), C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), C(O)OR^(a2), OC(O)R^(b2), OC(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2) NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)R^(b2), NR^(c2)C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2) NR^(c2)C(O)OR^(a2), C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), S(O)R^(b2), S(O)₂R^(b2) NR^(c2)S(O)₂R^(b2) and S(O)₂NR^(c2)R^(d2) and wherein each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a2), SR^(a2), C(O)R^(b2), C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), C(O)OR^(a2), OC(O)R^(b2), OC(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)R^(b2), NR^(c2)C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)OR^(a2), C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2) NR^(c2)C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), S(O)R^(b2), S(O)₂R^(b2), NR^(c2)S(O)₂R^(b2) and S(O)₂NR^(c2)R^(d2) or any one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may represent a group of formula Ar^(S); or R⁵ is a water solubilizing group; or R⁶ and R⁷ in combination with the atoms to which they are attached may form a 5-7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring that is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents each independently selected from R⁹; or R⁶ or R⁷ or both may be each be independently selected from water solubilizing groups; each R⁹ is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a1), SR^(a1), C(O)R^(b1), C(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), C(O)OR^(a1), —OC(O)R^(b1), OC(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)R^(c1), NR^(c1)C(O)R^(b1), NR^(c1)C(O)NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(O)OR^(a1), C(═NR^(e1))NR^(c1)R^(d1), NR^(c1)C(═R^(e1))R^(c1)R^(d1), S(O)R^(b1), S(O)₂R^(b1), NR^(c1)S(O)₂R^(b1) and S(O)₂NR^(c1)R^(d1); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl forming R⁹ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a2), SR^(a2), C(O)R^(b2), C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), C(O)OR^(a2), OC(O)R^(b2), OC(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)R^(b2), NR^(c2)C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)OR^(a2), C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), S(O)R^(b2), S(O)₂R^(b2), NR^(c2)S(O)₂R^(b2), S(O)₂NR^(c2)R^(d2); and wherein each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R⁹ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a2), SR^(a2), C(O)R^(b2), C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), C(O)OR^(a2), OC(O)R^(b2), OC(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)R^(b2), NR^(c2)C(O)NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(O)OR^(a2), C(═NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), NR^(c2)C(NR^(e2))NR^(c2)R^(d2), S(O)R^(b2), S(O)₂R^(b2), NR^(c2)S(O)₂R^(b2), S(O)₂NR^(c2)R^(d2), and water solubilizing groups; Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a3), SR^(a3), C(O)R^(b3), C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), C(O)OR^(a3), OC(O)R^(b3), OC(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(O)R^(b3), NR^(c3)C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(O)OR^(a3), C(═NR^(e3))NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(═NR^(e3))NR^(c3)R^(d3), S(O)R^(b3), S(O)₂R^(b3), NR^(c3)S(O)₂R^(b3) and S(O)₂NR^(c3)R^(d3); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl forming Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a4), SR^(a4), C(O)R^(b4), C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), C(O)OR^(a4), OC(O)R^(b4), OC(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)R^(b4), NR^(c4)C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)OR^(a4), C(═NR^(e4)R^(e4))N^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), S(O)R^(b4), S(O)₂R^(b4), NR^(c4)S(O)₂R^(b4) and S(O)₂NR^(c4)R^(d4); and wherein each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a4), SR^(a4), C(O)R^(b4), C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), C(O)OR^(a4), OC(O)R^(b4), OC(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)R^(b4), NR^(c4)C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)OR^(a4), C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), S(O)R^(b4), S(O)₂R^(b4), NR^(c4)S(O)₂R^(b4) and S(O)₂NR^(c4)R^(d4); or Y³ is NH, and Y² and Y³ or Y³ and Y⁴, in combination with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, forms a 5-membered fused heteroaromatic ring that is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from Y⁶; each Y⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a3), SR^(a3), C(O)R^(b3), C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), C(O)OR^(a3), OC(O)R^(b3), OC(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(O)R^(b3), NR^(c3)C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(O)OR^(a3), C(═NR^(e3))NR^(c3)R^(d3), NR^(c3)C(═NR^(e3))NR^(c3)R^(d3), S(O)R^(b3), S(O)₂R^(b3), NR^(c3)S(O)₂R^(b3) and S(O)₂NR^(c1)R^(d1); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl forming Y⁶ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a4), SR^(a4), C(O)R^(b4), C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), C(O)OR^(a4), OC(O)R^(b4), OC(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)R^(b4), NR^(c4)C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)OR^(a4), C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), S(O)R^(b4), S(O)₂R^(b4), NR^(c4)S(O)₂R^(b4) and S(O)₂NR^(c4)R^(d4); and wherein each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming Y⁶ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a4), SR^(a4), C(O)R^(b4), C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), C(O)OR^(a4), OC(O)R^(b4), OC(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)R^(b4), NR^(c4)C(O)NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(O)OR^(a4), C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), NR^(c4)C(═NR^(e4))NR^(c4)R^(d4), S(O)R^(b4), S(O)₂R^(b4), NR^(c4)S(O)₂R^(b4) and S(O)₂NR^(c4)R^(d4); each Ar^(S) is:

A¹ is N or CZ¹; A² is N or CZ²; A³ is N or CZ³; A⁴ is N or CZ⁴; A⁵ is N or CZ⁵; provided that 0, 1 or 2 of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are nitrogen; Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, CN, NO₂, OR^(a5), SR^(a5), C(O)R^(b5), C(O)NR^(c5)R^(d5), C(O)OR^(a5), OC(O)R^(b5), OC(O)NR^(c5)R^(d5), NR^(c5)R^(d5), NR^(c5)C(O)R^(b5), NR^(c5)C(O)NR^(c5)R^(d5), NR^(c5)C(O)OR^(a5), C(═NR^(e5))NR^(c5)R^(d5), NR^(c5)C(═NR^(e5))NR^(c5)R^(d5), S(O)R^(b5), S(O)₂R^(b5), NR^(c5)S(O)₂R^(b5) and S(O)₂NR^(c5)R^(d5); wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and C₂₋₆ alkynyl forming Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, or Z⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO₂, OR^(a6), SR^(a6), C(O)R^(b6), C(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), C(O)OR^(a6), OC(O)R^(b6), OC(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(O)R^(b6), NR^(c6)C(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(O)OR^(a6), C(═NR^(e6))NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(═NR^(e6))NR^(c6)R^(d6), S(O)R^(b6), S(O)₂R^(b6), NR^(c6)S(O)₂R^(b6) and S(O)₂NR^(c6)R^(d6); and wherein each of said C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, or Z⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, OR^(a6), SR^(a6), C(O)R^(b6), C(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), C(O)OR^(a6), OC(O)R^(b6), OC(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(O)R^(b6), NR^(c6)C(O)NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(O)OR^(a6), C(═NR^(e6))NR^(c6)R^(d6), NR^(c6)C(═NR^(e6))NR^(c6)R^(d6), S(O)R^(b6), S(O)₂R^(b6), NR^(c6)S(O)₂R^(b6) and S(O)₂NR^(c6)R^(d6); or wherein any one or two of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is independently selected from water solubilizing groups; L^(S) is a bond, O, NR^(c6), C₁₋₄ alkylene, C(O), NR^(c6)C(O) or C(O)NR^(c6); R^(a1), R^(b1), R^(a2), R^(b2), R^(a3), R^(b3), R^(a4), R^(b4), R^(a5), R^(b5), R^(a6) and R^(b6) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene, wherein each of said C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂-4 alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R^(a1), R^(b1), R^(a2), R^(b2), R^(a3), R^(b3), R^(a4), R^(b4), R^(a5), R^(b5), R^(a6) or R^(b6) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from halogen, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7) S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7) and wherein said C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, forming R^(a1), R^(b1), R^(a2), R^(b2), R^(a3), R^(b3), R^(a4) or R^(b4) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7) S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7); R^(c1), R^(d1), R^(c2), R^(d2), R^(c3), R^(d3), R^(c4), R^(d4), R^(c5), R^(d5), R^(c6), and R^(d6) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene, wherein each of said C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkylene forming R^(c1), R^(d1), R^(c2), R^(d2), R^(c3), R^(d3), R^(c4), R^(d4)R^(c5), R^(d5), R^(c6), or R^(d6) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from the group consisting of halo, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7) and wherein each of said C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, forming R^(c1), R^(d1), R^(c2), R^(d2), R^(c3), R^(d3), R^(c4), R^(d4), R^(c5), R^(d5), R^(c6), or R^(d6) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(c7)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7); or R^(c1) and R^(d1), R^(c2) and R^(d2), R^(c3) and R^(d3), R^(c4) and R^(d4), R^(c5) and R^(d5), or R^(c6) and R^(d6), attached to the same N atom, together with the N atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group or 5-membered heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, CN, OR^(a7), SR^(a7), C(O)R^(b7), C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), C(O)OR^(a7), OC(O)R^(b7), OC(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)R^(b7), NR^(c7)C(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(O)OR^(a7), C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), NR^(c7)C(═NR^(e7))NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)R^(b7), S(O)NR^(c7)R^(d7), S(O)₂R^(b7), NR^(7c)S(O)₂R^(b7) and S(O)₂NR^(c7)R^(d7); R^(a7), R^(b7), R^(c7) and R^(d7) are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ alkylene, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5-10 membered heteroaryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ alkylene forming R^(a7), R^(b7), R^(c7) and R^(d7) are each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of OH, CN, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; or R^(c7) and R^(d7) attached to the same N atom, together with the N atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group or 5-membered heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3), R^(e4), R^(e5), R^(e6) and R^(e7) are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, OH, and C₁₋₄ alkoxy; with the proviso that when Y¹, Y², Y⁴, Y⁵, and R⁴ are each H, Y³ is F, and X³ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl, then at least one of R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ is not H.
 163. The method of claim 162, wherein R⁵ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, and OR^(a1), wherein the C₆₋₁₀ aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2).
 164. The method of claim 162, wherein R⁵ is H, unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl substituted with 1 substituent selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or OR^(a2), wherein R^(a2) is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 group independently selected from the group consisting of OR^(a5) and C(O)OR^(a5).
 165. The method of claim 162, wherein R⁵ is H, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxy(ethoxy))phenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, or phenoxy.
 166. The method of claim 162, wherein at least one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, Z¹, and Z² is a water solubilizing group.
 167. The method of claim 162, wherein at least one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is Ar^(S):
 168. The method of claim 162, wherein Z¹, Z², R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, carboxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkoxy, or 4-10 membered hetercycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, and carboxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy-C₁₋₆-alkoxy.
 169. The method of claim 162, wherein Z¹, Z², R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, carboxy, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminoethoxy, 3-aminopropoxy, (2-aminoethoxy)methyl, (3-aminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy, N-methylaminomethyl, 2-N-methylaminoethyl, 3-N-methylaminopropyl, 2-N-methylaminoethoxy, 3-N-methylaminopropoxy, (2-N-methylaminoethoxy)methyl, (3-N-methylaminopropoxy)methyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-N-methylaminoethoxy)ethoxy, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy, (2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy, (N-morpholinyl)methyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propyl, 2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy, 3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy, (2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)methyl, (3-(N-morpholinyl)propoxy)methyl, 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethyl, or 2-(2-(N-morpholinyl)ethoxy)ethoxy, 3-carboxypropyl, carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 3-carboxypropoxy, carboxymethoxymethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl, 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxymethyl, or 2-(2-caroxyethoxy)ethoxy.
 170. The method of claim 162, wherein L^(S) is O or NH.
 171. The method of claim 162, wherein at least one of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is H, OR^(a1), or C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of OR^(a2), C(O)OR^(a2), and NR^(c2)R^(d2).
 172. The method of claim 162, wherein R⁸ is H, chloro, methoxy, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 4-methoxyphenyl, or phenoxy.
 173. The method of claim 162, wherein Y¹ is H or halogen; Y² is H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or OR^(a3); Y³ is OH, halogen, CN, OR^(a3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), or C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3); Y⁴ is H or halogen; and Y⁵ is H or F.
 174. The method of claim 162, wherein one or two of A¹, A², A³, A⁴ and A⁵ in Ar^(S) is/are N.
 175. The method of claim 162, wherein Ar^(S) is a group of any of the following formulae:


176. The method of claim 175, wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or wherein any one or two of Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, and Z⁵ is independently selected from water solubilizing groups.
 177. The method of claim 162, wherein Ar^(S) is a group of the following formula:


178. The method of claim 162, wherein: X³ is CR³ or N; X⁸ is CR⁸ or N; R³ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, and OR^(a1), wherein each C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2); Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, CN, OR^(a3), NR^(c3)R^(d3) and C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3); R^(a1), R^(a2), and R^(a3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, and C₆₋₁₀ aryl, wherein each said C₁₋₄ alkyl forming R^(a1), R^(a2), or R^(a3) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from halo and OR^(a5) and wherein each said C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R^(a1), R^(a2), and R^(a3) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3, groups independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, OR^(a5), and C(O)OR^(a5); R^(c3) and R^(d3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl; each R^(a5) is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁₋₆ alkyl, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl, forming R^(a5) is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, C₁₋₆ alkoxy and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ alkylene; and R^(c5) and R^(d5) are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁₋₆ alkyl.
 179. The method of claim 162, wherein: X³ is CR⁸; X⁸ is CR⁸ or N; R³ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl; R⁴ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl; R⁵ is H, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or OR^(a1), wherein each C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁵ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2); R⁶ is H or OR^(a1), R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H, halogen, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or OR^(a1), wherein each C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R⁸ is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halogen, and OR^(a2); Y¹ is H; Y² is H, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or OR^(a3); Y³ is OH, halogen, CN, OR^(a3), NR^(c3)R^(d3), or C(O)NR^(c3)R^(d3); Y⁴ is H; Y⁵ is H; R^(a1), R^(a2), and R^(a3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, and C₆₋₁₀ aryl, wherein each said C₁₋₄ alkyl forming R^(a1), R^(a2), or R^(a3) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of halo and OR^(a5) and wherein each said C₆₋₁₀ aryl forming R^(a1), R^(a2), and R^(a3) is independently unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3, groups independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, OR^(a5), and C(O)OR^(a5); R^(c3) and R^(d3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl; each R^(a5) is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁₋₆ alkyl, wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl, forming R^(a5) is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, NH(C₁₋₆ alkyl), N(C₁₋₆ alkyl)₂, C₁₋₆ alkoxy and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkyl; and R^(c5) and R^(d5) are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁₋₆ alkyl.
 180. The method of claim 162, wherein: X³ is CR³ or N; X⁸ is CR⁸ or N; R³ is selected from the group consisting of H, F, methyl and ethyl; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, F, methyl and ethyl; R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, Ar^(S); and water solubilizing groups; R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H, Ar^(S); and water solubilizing groups; R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of H, Ar^(S); and water solubilizing groups; R⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, Ar^(S); and water solubilizing groups; Y¹, Y², Y⁴, and Y⁵ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and F; and Y³ is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl and OH.
 181. The method of claim 162, wherein the compound is of Formula (II) or Formula (III):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 182. The method of claim 162, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 4-(4-(quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline; 2-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline; 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)aniline; 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline; 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile; 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamide; 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-methylphenol; 2-methoxy-4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(3-methylquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(4-methylquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-8-methoxyquinoline; 8-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinoline; 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-8-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline; 4-(4-(8-(4-methoxyphenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-8-phenoxyquinoline; 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-5-phenoxyquinoline; 4-(4-(6-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(3-methyl-6-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(2-(2-((2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine; 4-(2-(2-((2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 4-(4-(1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine; 4-(4-(7-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 3-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 3-((2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 4-((2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 4-(4-(5-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(4-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(3-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(5-(4-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(1-(isoquinolin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenol; 2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-7-methyl-1,7-naphthyridin-8(7H)-one; 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorophenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,6-difluorophenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(5-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(7-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorophenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)acetic acid; N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 2-(2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)acetic acid; 2,6-difluoro-4-(4-(6-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 2-fluoro-5-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; and 3-fluoro-5-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid.
 183. The method of claim 162, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 3-((2-(1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-5-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 4-(4-(5-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorophenol; 2-fluoro-4-(4-(5-(3-(2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)ethoxy)phenoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-8-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 3-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-8-yl)oxy)benzoic acid; 2-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)acetic acid; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-7-yl)oxy)butanoic acid; 4-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)butanoic acid; and 2-(2-((2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethoxy)acetic acid.
 184. The method of claim 162, wherein the compound is formulated as a pharmaceutical composition further comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 185. The method of claim 162, wherein the method comprises inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity in the subject.
 186. The method of claim 162, wherein the disease or condition is an inflammatory disease or condition.
 187. The method of claim 186, wherein the inflammatory disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of proliferative vascular disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine-mediated toxicity, psoriasis, interleukin-2 toxicity, appendicitis, peptic, gastric and duodenal ulcers, peritonitis, pancreatitis, ulcerative, pseudomembranous, acute and ischemic colitis, diverticulitis, epiglottitis, achalasia, cholangitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, enteritis, Whipple's disease, asthma, allergy, anaphylactic shock, immune complex disease, organ ischemia, reperfusion injury, organ necrosis, hay fever, sepsis, septicemia, endotoxic shock, cachexia, hyperpyrexia, eosinophilic granuloma, granulomatosis sarcoidosis, septic abortion, epididymitis, vaginitis, prostatitis, urethritis, bronchitis, emphysema, rhinitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonitis, alvealitis, bronchiolitis, pharyngitis, pleurisy, sinusitis, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus infection, herpes infection, HIV infection, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, disseminated bacteremia, Dengue fever, candidiasis, malaria, filariasis, amebiasis, hydatid cysts, burns, dermatitis, dermatomyositis, sunburn, urticaria, warts, wheals, vasulitis, angiitis, endocarditis, arteritis, atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, pericarditis, myocarditis, myocardial ischemia, periarteritis nodosa, rheumatic fever, Alzheimer's disease, coeliac disease, congestive heart failure, meningitis, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, Guillame-Barre syndrome, neuritis, neuralgia, spinal cord injury, paralysis, uveitis, arthritides, arthralgias, osteomyelitis, fasciitis, Paget's disease, gout, periodontal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis, myasthenia gravis, thryoiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture's syndrome, Behcets's syndrome, allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, ankylosing spondylitis, Berger's disease, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, Berger's disease, Retier's syndrome and Hodgkins disease.
 188. The method of claim 162, wherein the disease or condition is an autoimmune disease.
 189. The method of claim 188, wherein the autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, graft versus host disease, autoimmune pulmonary inflammation, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, scleroderma, psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome and autoimmune inflammatory eye disease.
 190. The method of claim 162, wherein the disease or condition is cancer.
 191. The method of claim 190, wherein the cancer is a solid tumor.
 192. The method of claim 190, wherein the cancer is a hematological cancer.
 193. The method of claim 190, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of prostate cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, renal cancer, hepatic cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, cancers of the head or neck, thyroid cancer, glioblastoma, sarcoma, bladder cancer, lymphoma, leukemia such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma, refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma and recurrent follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma), Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
 194. The method of claim 162, wherein the disease or condition is associated with high MIF expression.
 195. The method of claim 194, wherein the disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of protozoal infection, fungal infection, bacterial infection, viral infection, anemia of chronic disease; asthma and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
 196. The method of claim 162, wherein the disease or condition is anemia of chronic disease. 